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Broken rail track detection using smart materials

机译：使用智能材料检测铁轨破损

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摘要

Rail lines are subject to many types of damage that, in the worst cases, can cause train derailments. The damage can arise from either manufacturing defects or external factors, possibly even terrorist acts to disrupt the civil infrastructure. Current rail inspection techniques require train traffic to be interrupted while workers and equipment move along the track. Moreover, a technician with rail testing experience is required to analyze the results. This paper focuses on simple proof of concept experiments to determine if impedance based structural health monitoring may be used to detect anomalies in rail tracks, and in particular broken rails. The technique applies a very low voltage (one volt) high frequency wave to a structure, measures its response and determines the location and extent of a rail break. The monitoring device is envisioned to run off of ambient vibration and thermal gradients provided by passing trains and daily thermal cycles, store the energy and utilize the stored energy periodically to inspect the track (according to the track usage schedule). If damage occurs or starts to occur, a warning signal would be transmitted to substation then broadcast to the appropriate operator listing the location and extent of the damage.
机译：铁路线遭受多种损坏，在最坏的情况下，可能导致火车出轨。损害可能来自制造缺陷或外部因素，甚至可能是破坏民用基础设施的恐怖行为。当前的铁路检查技术要求在工人和设备沿轨道移动时中断火车交通。而且，需要具有铁路测试经验的技术人员来分析结果。本文着重于简单的概念验证实验，以确定是否可以使用基于阻抗的结构健康监测来检测铁轨，尤其是断轨的异常。该技术将极低电压（一伏特）的高频波施加到结构上，测量其响应并确定断轨的位置和程度。设想该监视装置可以避免火车经过和每天的热循环而产生的环境振动和热梯度，存储能量并定期利用存储的能量检查轨道（根据轨道使用时间表）。如果发生损坏或开始发生损坏，将向变电站发送警告信号，然后广播给适当的操作员，列出损坏的位置和程度。

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