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首页> 外文会议>OECD(Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) Conference on Intellectual Property Right(IPR), Innovation and Economic Performance; 20030828-29; Paris(FR) >THE USE OF PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS AND TRADEMARKS IN SOFTWARE: EVIDENCE FROM LITIGATION
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THE USE OF PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS AND TRADEMARKS IN SOFTWARE: EVIDENCE FROM LITIGATION

机译：专利，版权和商标在软件中的使用：诉讼证据

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摘要

The intellectual property (IP) regime for software has undergone significant changes in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s, with an increase in the legitimacy of patents and a concomitant restriction of copyright in some circumstances. This study examines litigation data on patents, copyrights, and trademarks, the three main forms of US federally protected IP rights, to understand the impact of these changes and the role of intellectual property protection in software. We find a surprisingly large and still growing reliance on copyright enforcement, and evidence that incumbent firms in the industry are relatively on the defensive in patent litigation. Moreover, when compared with other similar industries, defensive strategies in software patent litigation appear to be tilted towards declaratory judgment actions, rather than mutual hold-up through counter suing. This paper also studies the interrelationship between a firm's efforts to enforce different types of intellectual property rights. Prior research on patents and secrecy, as well as the policy debate in software, has tended to view different types of IP as substitutes rather than complements. We employ a fixed-effects seemingly-unrelated-regression (SUR) model to estimate (by GLS) the level of litigation in each type of IP, and find some evidence for complementarity between different types of IP use in software.
机译：在1980年代和1990年代，美国的软件知识产权（IP）制度发生了重大变化，在某些情况下，专利的合法性有所提高，并伴随着版权的限制。这项研究检查了专利，版权和商标（美国联邦保护的知识产权的三种主要形式）的诉讼数据，以了解这些变化的影响以及知识产权保护在软件中的作用。我们发现，对版权执法的依赖惊人且仍在不断增长，并且有证据表明该行业的现有公司相对而言在专利诉讼中处于防御地位。而且，与其他类似行业相比，软件专利诉讼中的防御策略似乎倾向于宣告性声明行动，而不是通过反诉相互抵制。本文还研究了企业实施不同类型的知识产权的努力之间的相互关系。先前有关专利和保密性的研究以及软件方面的政策辩论，倾向于将不同类型的IP视为替代品而不是补充品。我们采用固定效果看似无关的回归（SUR）模型来估计（通过GLS）每种IP类型的诉讼水平，并找到一些证据来证明软件中不同IP类型之间的互补性。

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