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首页> 外文会议>Offshore technology conference (OTC 2001) >Gas Hydrate in Seafloor Sediments: Impact on Future Resources and Drilling Safety
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Gas Hydrate in Seafloor Sediments: Impact on Future Resources and Drilling Safety

机译：海底沉积物中的天然气水合物：对未来资源和钻井安全的影响

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Gas hydrate concentrates methane and sometimes other gasesrnin its crystal lattice and this gas can be released intentionallyrncreating a resource or escape accidentally forming a hazard.rnThe densest accumulations of gas hydrate tend to occur at sitesrnwhere the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (commonlyrnthe upper several hundred m of the sedimentary section) isrnconfigured to trap gas, often as a broad arch. The gas may risernfrom below or form by bacterial activity at shallow depth, butrngas commonly is concentrated near the base of the gas hydraternstability zone by recycling. This gas accumulates inrnpresumably leaky traps, then enriches the hydrate above as itrnmigrates upward by diffusion, fluid movement throughrnsedimentary pores, or flow along fracture channelways.rnAnalysis of seismic reflection profiles is beginning to identifyrnsuch concentrations and the circumstances that create them.rnThe first attempt to explore for gas hydrate off Japan by thernJapanese National Oil Corporation produced quite favorablernresults, showing high gas hydrate contents in permeablernsediments. Gas hydrate dissociation can be a safety concern inrndrilling and production. The volume of water and gas releasedrnin dissociation is often greater than the volume of the hydrate,rnso overpressures can be created. Furthermore, the gas hydraterncan provide shallow seals, so the possibility of high-pressurernflows or generation of slides is apparent.
机译：天然气水合物在其晶格中会浓缩甲烷和其他气体，有意释放出这种气体会造成资源泄漏或意外泄漏，从而形成危害。天然气水合物的最密集堆积往往发生在天然气水合物稳定区底部的位置（通常位于上方沉积部分的一百米）通常被构造成捕获气体，通常为宽拱形。气体可从下方升起或由浅深度的细菌活动形成，但通常通过再循环将气体集中在气体水合稳定性区底部附近。这种气体聚集了可能是泄漏的陷阱，然后通过扩散，沉积物孔隙中的流体运动或沿裂缝通道的流动向上迁移时使上方的水合物富集。对地震反射剖面的分析开始确定这种浓度及其产生的环境。日本国家石油公司（National Oil Corporation）勘探日本以外的天然气水合物的结果十分令人满意，显示出渗透性沉积物中天然气水合物的含量很高。天然气水合物的分解可能是钻井和生产中的安全问题。解离过程中释放的水和气的体积通常大于水合物的体积，因此会产生超压。此外，气体水合物可以提供较浅的密封，因此高压流动或生成载玻片的可能性显而易见。

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