Pipes that experience sour service need to resist that corrosive environment. One method for achievingrncorrosion resistance is by lining the inside of the pipe with a corrosion resistant alloy (CRA), such asrnstainless steel or a nickel based alloy. This has the advantage of being much cheaper than either makingrnthe pipe from the CRA or metallurgically bonding CRA to the pipe (ie clad pipe). Lined pipe is gainingrnpopularity, and has so far been used successfully in applications where applied strain levels are low,rnhowever more data is needed on its fatigue strength and its behavior when subjected to high levels ofrnapplied strain. A Joint Industry Project (JIP), funded by Petrobras, BG Group, Saipem, Tenaris, Technip,rnCladtek and HMC, was run by TWI Ltd and INTECSEA to investigate and generate data on CRA linedrnpipe.rnThe JIP included full scale resonance fatigue testing, allowing the failure location of lined pipes to berninvestigated, development of an ultrasonic inspection procedure for lined pipe, small scale mechanicalrntests to generate materials data and calculation of stress intensity factors specific to the lined piperngeometry. This paper presents a summary of the work carried out.rnThe significance of the paper is that it describes a body of work carried out in the field of CRA linedrnpipe, helping operators and those at the front-end engineering design (FEED) stage to choose lined pipe,rnwith the resulting cost savings.
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