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Normalized Modulus Reduction and Material Damping Ratio Curves for Bay of Campeche Sand

机译：坎贝切沙湾的归一化模量减少与材料阻尼比曲线

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Predictive equations for estimating normalized shear modulus and material damping ratio of sand arernpresented in this paper. The equations are based on a modified hyperbolic model and a statistical analysisrnof existing isotropically consolidated resonant column and strain-controlled cyclic direct simple shear testrnresults for 252 specimens obtained from the Bay of Campeche. Two independent modified hyperbolicrnrelationships are fitted to model stiffness (G/Gmax)-strain using two parameters and material dampingrnratio-strain curves using four parameters. Variables used in the equation for normalized shear modulusrnare: confining pressure; shear-strain amplitude; a reference strain, defined as the shear strain at which thernshear modulus has reduced to 0.5Gmax, and a curvature parameter which controls the rate of modulusrnreduction, such as the model suggested by Darendeli (2001). The equation for damping ratio D, isrnexpressed in terms of the reference strain, defined as the shear strain for a 50% increase in materialrndamping ratio (i.e. D/Dmax u0002 0.5), a curvature parameter which controls the rate of material damping ratiornincrease, the minimum material damping ratio Dmin, and the maximum material damping ratio Dmax,rnsimilar to the equation suggested by Gonzalez and Romo (2011). It is found that the Bay of Campechernsand exhibit more linear response and lower damping ratio than other sands reported in the literature. Thernuncertainties associated with the predictive equations are quantified. A case study is provided to illustraternan application of the predictive equations to seismic response analysis and the importance of consideringrnconfining stress. The predictive equations of normalized shear modulus reduction G/Gmax and Dampingrnratio curves are easy to apply in practice, and are useful in the analysis of granular strata and offshorernstructures subjected to earthquake loading when site specific laboratory testing is not available.
机译：给出了估算归一化剪切模量和砂土材料阻尼比的预测方程。这些方程是基于修改后的双曲线模型和统计分析-现有的各向同性固结共振柱以及从Campeche湾获得的252个标本的应变控制循环直接简单剪切试验结果。使用两个参数拟合两个独立的修正双曲关系来建模刚度（G / Gmax）-应变，并使用四个参数拟合材料阻尼比-应变曲线。在方程中用于标准化剪切模量的变量为：围压；剪切应变振幅基准应变定义为剪切应变，在剪切应变时剪切模量已减小至0.5Gmax，曲率参数控制剪切模量的减小速率，例如Darendeli（2001）提出的模型。阻尼比D的方程式用参考应变表示，定义为材料阻尼比增加50％（即D / Dmax u0002 0.5）时的剪切应变，该曲率参数控制材料阻尼比的比率rn增大，最小材料阻尼比Dmin和最大材料阻尼比Dmax，类似于Gonzalez和Romo（2011）提出的方程。发现Campechernsand湾比文献中报道的其他沙粒具有更多的线性响应和更低的阻尼比。量化与预测方程式相关的不确定性。提供了一个案例研究来说明预测方程在地震响应分析中的应用以及考虑限制应力的重要性。归一化剪切模量降低G / Gmax和Dampingrnratio曲线的预测方程很容易在实践中应用，并且在没有现场特定实验室测试的情况下，可用于分析承受地震载荷的粒状地层和近海结构。

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