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X-ray mirror prototype based on cold shaping of thin glass foils

机译：基于薄玻璃箔冷成型的X射线镜原型

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The Slumping Glass Optics technology for the fabrication of astronomical X-ray mirrors has been developed in recent years in USA and Europe. The process has been used for making the mirrors of the Nustar, mission. The process starts with very thin glass foils hot formed to copy the profile of replication moulds. At INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera a process based on cold shaping is being developed, based on an integration method involving the use of interconnecting ribs for making stacks. Each glass foil in the stack is shaped onto a very precise integration mould and the correct shape is frozen by means of glued ribs that act as spacers between one layer and the next one (the first layers being attached to a thick substrate). Therefore, the increasing availability of flexible glass foils with a thickness of a few tens of microns (driven by electronic market for ultra-thin displays) opens new possibilities for the fabrication of X-ray mirrors. This solution appears interesting especially for the fabrication of mirrors for hard X-rays (with energy > 10 keV) based on multilayer coatings, taking advantage from the intrinsic low roughness of the glass foils that should grant a low scattering level. The stress frozen on the glass due to the cold shaping is not negligible, but it is kept into account in the errors of the X-ray optics design. As an exercise, we have considered the requirements and specs of the FORCE hard X-ray mission concept (being studied by JAXA) and we have designed the mirror modules assuming the cold slumping as a fabrication method, In the meantime, a prototype (representative of the FORCE mirror modules) is being design and integrated in order to demonstrate the feasibility and the capacity to reach good angular resolution.
机译：近年来，在美国和欧洲开发了用于制造天文X射线镜的Slumping Glass Optics技术。该过程已用于制作Nustar任务的镜子。该过程从热成型非常薄的玻璃箔开始，以复制复制模具的轮廓。在INAF-布雷拉天文台（Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera），正在开发一种基于冷成型的工艺，该工艺基于一种集成方法，该方法涉及使用相互连接的肋条来制造叠层。叠层中的每个玻璃箔都成型在非常精确的一体模具上，并通过胶粘的肋条冻结正确的形状，这些肋条充当一层与下一层之间的间隔物（第一层附着在厚的基板上）。因此，具有几十微米厚度的柔性玻璃箔的日益增加的可用性（由超薄显示器的电子市场驱动）为制造X射线镜提供了新的可能性。对于基于多层涂层的用于硬X射线（能量> 10 keV）的反射镜的制造，该解决方案显得特别有趣，这得益于玻璃箔固有的低粗糙度，该粗糙度应允许低散射水平。由于冷成型而冻结在玻璃上的应力不可忽略，但是在X射线光学设计的误差中要考虑到这一点。作为练习，我们考虑了FORCE硬X射线任务概念（由JAXA研究）的要求和规格，并设计了以冷落为制造方法的反射镜模块，同时，设计了原型（代表正在设计和集成FORCE反射镜模块），以证明可行性和达到良好角分辨率的能力。

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