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首页> 外文会议>Pesticides in household, structural and residential pest management >Chapter 5 Screening insecticides for use as soil termiticides requires a series of bioassays: lessons from trials using Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
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Chapter 5 Screening insecticides for use as soil termiticides requires a series of bioassays: lessons from trials using Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

机译：第5章筛选用作土壤杀白蚁剂的杀虫剂需要进行一系列的生物测定：使用黄斑网纹蝇（等翅目：犀牛科）的试验课程

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Tests of soil termiticide efficacy should consider termite behavioral reaction to the toxicant. This chapter outlines a series of four separate bioassays that account for factors such as bioavailability, dose acquisition, route of entry, movement of intoxicated termites, and collective decision making that are important in modeling termite population response to field application. Results with seven different formulated termiticides indicate that the moniker repellent or non-repellent are a function of concentration not the purview of any particular class of chemistries. Bioavailability was evident in that mortality decreased with all active ingredients tested in bioassay with sandy loam soil compared to play sand with one exception, imidacloprid. Data included evidence that acquisition of a dermal dose is slow, requiring over one hour continuous exposure to treated sandy loam soil to produce >50% mortality at 10 ppm with all the formulations tested. Dermal and oral toxicities varied within all termiticides but one - fipronil - and all but one, the chlorfenapyr formulation, affected worker termite performance on an experimental trail compared to controls. Three behavioral conditions that must be considered when interpreting termiticide efficacy bioassay data are also discussed. First, the main route of entry for subterranean termites confronted with a soil-based insecticide is oral. Second, assignment of the task of gallery construction to specific workers and third, a collective decision making system of communication used by worker termites traveling through a network of galleries. It is therefore unlikely that consistent transfer of soil-borne toxicants will follow field application of any termiticide. A choice bioassay design is suggested as a more realistic approximation of termiticide field efficacy.
机译：土壤杀白蚁剂功效的测试应考虑白蚁对毒物的行为反应。本章概述了一系列四个单独的生物测定，这些测定说明了生物利用度，剂量获取，进入途径，中毒白蚁的移动以及集体决策等因素，这些因素对于模拟白蚁种群对田间应用的响应至关重要。七种不同配制的杀白蚁剂的结果表明，代名词的驱避剂或非驱避剂是浓度的函数，而不是任何特定类别的化学药品的权限。生物利用度是明显的，与沙壤土相比，除吡虫啉是一种例外，在沙质壤土生物测定中测试的所有活性成分的死亡率均降低。数据包括证明真皮剂量的采集很慢，需要在所有测试配方下连续暴露于处理过的沙壤土一小时以上，才能在10 ppm时产生> 50％的死亡率。在所有杀白蚁剂中，皮肤和口服毒性均不同，但一种除虫菊酯-除一种除氯苯那吡外，其余全部对实验白蚁工人的白蚁性能都有影响。还讨论了在解释杀白蚁剂功效生物测定数据时必须考虑的三种行为条件。首先，面对以土壤为基础的杀虫剂的地下白蚁的主要进入途径是口服。第二，将画廊的建设任务分配给特定的工人，第三，通过白蚁网络的工人白蚁使用的集体决策交流系统。因此，在田间施用任何杀白蚁剂后，土壤传播的有毒物质的持续转移是不可能的。建议将生物测定设计作为白蚁杀虫剂田间药效的更现实近似。

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