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首页> 外文会议>A policy dialogue on rice futures: rice-based farming systems research in the Mekong region >The future of rice-farming systems-insights from the Mekong River Commission
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The future of rice-farming systems-insights from the Mekong River Commission

机译：稻农耕作制度的未来-湄公河委员会的见解

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Rice farming is the dominant basis of rural livelihoods in the Mekong region. As the world's biggest rice bowl, the Mekong region is self-sufficient in rice, with Thailand and Vietnam as the leading world exporters. Increasing rice exports are major policy priorities of the governments of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) and Cambodia. In contrast, the populations of rice-growing villages are ageing, with rice sales comprising about 20% of household incomes, and high dependence on remittances from the younger generation working in urban areas. In response to market forces, farming practices are shifting rapidly towards mechanisation and outsourcing, together with increasing chemical and fertiliser use. The use of groundwater to increase rice production is also expanding. The majority of rice farming remains rainfed and is therefore vulnerable to drought and climate change. Farmers are often exposed to significant risks in their efforts to increase profits. Within this context, wider disparities in wealth and wellbeing among rice farmers are emerging. The demand for better regulation, support services and safeguard measures is increasingly more pronounced. However, national rice-production policies are highly focused on self-sufficiency, and are unlikely to shift attention to equity and sustainability issues until country-level targets have been achieved; at which time, national agencies in the agriculture sector will have an even greater role to play. The Mekong River Commission perceives a development opportunity in the expansion of irrigation for food security and poverty reduction; however, the maintenance of existing irrigated land also requires significant ongoing effort. Fish raising in rice fields and canals, for example, is a key source of local food security, especially for the rural poor. Sustaining current rice production and food security in the region is dependent upon high-level technical and interdisciplinary capacity for integrated water resource management.
机译：稻作农业是湄公河地区农村生计的主要基础。作为世界上最大的饭碗，湄公河地区的水稻自给自足，泰国和越南是世界主要的出口国。增加稻米出口是老挝人民民主共和国（PDR）和柬埔寨政府的主要政策重点。相反，水稻种植村庄的人口正在老龄化，水稻销售约占家庭收入的20％，并且高度依赖在城市地区工作的年轻一代的汇款。为了响应市场力量，农业实践正迅速转向机械化和外包，同时增加了化学和肥料的使用。利用地下水增加稻米产量也在扩大。大部分稻作农业仍靠雨养，因此易受干旱和气候变化的影响。农民在增加利润的努力中经常面临重大风险。在这种情况下，稻农之间的财富和福祉差距越来越大。对更好的监管，支持服务和保障措施的需求越来越明显。但是，国家稻米生产政策高度注重自给自足，在实现国家一级的目标之前，不太可能将注意力转移到公平和可持续性问题上。到那时，农业部门的国家机构将发挥更大的作用。湄公河委员会在扩大灌溉以保障粮食安全和减少贫困​​方面看到了发展机会；然而，对现有灌溉土地的维护也需要持续不断的努力。例如，在稻田和运河中养鱼是当地粮食安全的重要来源，特别是对农村贫困人口而言。维持该区域当前的稻米生产和粮食安全取决于综合水资源管理的高水平技术和跨学科能力。

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