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首页> 外文会议>A policy dialogue on rice futures: rice-based farming systems research in the Mekong region >Trajectories of rice-farming households in mainland South-East Asia
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Trajectories of rice-farming households in mainland South-East Asia

机译：东南亚大陆稻米农户的发展轨迹

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The five countries of mainland South-East Asia (MSEA) are undergoing the major agrarian and demographic transitions associated with rapid economic growth, with significant implications for the livelihood trajectories of rice-farming households in the lowlands. The experience of early-transforming countries, notably Thailand, provides clues to the possible trajectories of late-transforming countries such as Laos and Cambodia. The growth in incomes and reduction in poverty has led to a diversification of diets, with rice taking on less significance. The sharp drop in fertility has provided a 'demographic dividend' to rural households, reducing the dependency ratio, slowing the growth in the number of households, and slowing the reduction in farm size. Combined with the rise in rural-urban and cross-border wage migration, this demographic trend has created a shortage of farm labour and increased the incentive for adoption of labour-saving innovations, notably mechanisation. Improvements in infrastructure and the growth in demand for a wider range of agricultural products have increased the returns to non-rice crop and livestock activities relative to rice. Although the share of agriculture in the economy (and of the rice sector in particular) will continue to fall, the overwhelming trajectory is not one of agricultural decline but of farm and livelihood diversification-with rice cultivation still an important component-helping to lift many rice-farming households out of poverty.
机译：东南亚五国（MSEA）正在经历与经济快速增长相关的主要农业和人口转变，这对低地稻米农户的生计轨迹具有重大影响。早期转型国家（尤其是泰国）的经验为老挝和柬埔寨等晚期转型国家的可能发展轨迹提供了线索。收入的增长和贫困的减少导致饮食的多样化，而大米的重要性下降。生育率的急剧下降为农村家庭提供了“人口红利”，减少了抚养比，减慢了家庭数量的增长，并减缓了农场规模的缩小。加上城乡和跨境工资迁移的增加，这种人口趋势造成了农业劳动力的短缺，并增加了采用节省劳力的创新，尤其是机械化的动力。与水稻相比，基础设施的改善和对更多农产品的需求的增长增加了非稻米作物和牲畜活动的收益。尽管农业在经济（尤其是稻米部门）中所占的份额将继续下降，但绝大多数的趋势不是农业下降的原因之一，而是农业和生计多样化的原因之一，稻米种植仍然是重要的组成部分，有助于解除许多水稻种植户摆脱了贫困。

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