Railway wheels suffer from flat spots and out-of-roundness.Both defects increase wheel/rail dynamic force which leads to consequential damage,including broken rails and track deterioration.the defects are mainly initiated by high temperatures produced in the wheel as it slides on the rail during extreme braking events.the martensite produced quickly initiates cracks,which propagate into the wheel by rolling contact fatigue.the paper will calculate the thermal histories produced in the wheel by slide,and demonstrate how these histories can be used to identify steel alloys with the potential to limit the production of damaging martensite.
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