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首页> 外文会议>Proceedings of the 18th congress of the International Society for Mushroom Science >Modern View on Current Status, Future Trends, and Unsolved Problems in Studies of Medicinal Mushrooms
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Modern View on Current Status, Future Trends, and Unsolved Problems in Studies of Medicinal Mushrooms

机译：药用蘑菇研究的现状，未来趋势和未解决问题的现代观点

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摘要

The target of the present review is to draw attention to many critically important unsolved problems in the future development of medicinal mushroom science in the 21st century. Special attention is paid to mushroom polysaccharides. Many, if not all, higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms contain biologically active polysaccharides in fruit bodies, cultured mycelium, and cultured broth. The data on mushroom polysaccharides are summarized for approximately 700 species of higher Hetero-and Homobasidiomycetes. The chemical structure of polysaccharides and its connection to antitumor activity, including possible ways of chemical modification, experimental testing and clinical use of antitumor or immunostimulating polysaccharides, and possible mechanisms of their biological action are discussed. Numerous bioactive polysaccharides or polysaccharide-protein complexes from medicinal mushrooms are described that appear to enhance innate and cell-mediated immune responses, and exhibit antitumour activities in animals and humans. Stimulation of host immune defense systems by bioactive polymers from medicinal mushrooms has significant effects on the maturation, differentiation, and proliferation of many kinds of immune cells in the host. Many of these mushroom polymers were reported previously to have immunotherapeutic properties by facilitating growth inhibition and destruction of tumour cells. Whilst the mechanism of their antitumor actions is still not completely understood, stimulation and modulation of key host immune responses by these mushroom polymers appears central. Particularly, and most importantly for modern medicine, are polysaccharides with antitumor and immunostimulating properties. Several of the mushroom polysaccharide compounds have proceeded through Phase I, II, and El clinical trials and are used extensively and successfully in Asia to treat various cancers and other diseases. A total of 126 medicinal functions are thought to be produced by medicinal mushrooms and fungi including antitumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, cardiovascular, antihypercholesterolemia, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, detoxification, hepatoprotective, and anti-diabetic effects.
机译：本文的目的是引起人们对21世纪药用蘑菇科学未来发展中许多至关重要的未解决问题的关注。特别注意蘑菇多糖。许多（如果不是全部）高级担子菌蘑菇在子实体，培养的菌丝体和培养的肉汤中都含有生物活性多糖。蘑菇多糖的数据总结了大约700种高级杂种和同种担子菌。讨论了多糖的化学结构及其与抗肿瘤活性的关系，包括化学修饰的可能方法，抗肿瘤或免疫刺激性多糖的实验测试和临床应用以及其生物学作用的可能机理。描述了来自药用蘑菇的许多生物活性多糖或多糖-蛋白质复合物，它们似乎增强了先天和细胞介导的免疫反应，并在动物和人类中表现出抗肿瘤活性。药用蘑菇中的生物活性聚合物对宿主免疫防御系统的刺激对宿主中多种免疫细胞的成熟，分化和增殖具有重要影响。先前已报道许多这类蘑菇聚合物通过促进肿瘤细胞的生长抑制和破坏而具有免疫治疗特性。尽管它们的抗肿瘤作用机理尚不完全清楚，但这些蘑菇聚合物对关键宿主免疫反应的刺激和调节似乎才是中心。特别是，对于现代医学而言，最重要的是具有抗肿瘤和免疫刺激特性的多糖。几种蘑菇多糖化合物已通过I，II和El阶段的临床试验，已在亚洲广泛成功地用于治疗各种癌症和其他疾病。据认为，药用蘑菇和真菌总共可产生126种药用功能，包括抗肿瘤，免疫调节，抗氧化剂，自由基清除，心血管，抗高胆固醇血症，抗病毒，抗菌，抗寄生虫，抗真菌，排毒，保肝和抗糖尿病作用。

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