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Does anycast hang up on you?

机译:任播会挂断电话吗?

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摘要

Anycast-based services today are widely used commercially, with several major providers serving thousands of important websites. However, to our knowledge, there has been only limited study of how often anycast fails because routing changes interrupt connections between users and their current anycast site. While the commercial success of anycast CDNs means anycast usually works well, do some users end up shut out of anycast? In this paper we examine data from more than 9000 geographically distributed vantage points (VPs) to 11 anycast services to evaluate this question. Our contribution is the analysis of this data to provide the first quantification of this problem, and to explore where and why it occurs. We see that about 1% of VPs are anycast unstable, reaching a different anycast site frequently (sometimes every query). Flips back and forth between two sites in 10 seconds are observed in selected experiments for given service and VPs. Moreover, we show that anycast instability is persistent for some VPs - a few VPs never see a stable connections to certain anycast services during a week or even longer. The vast majority of VPs only saw unstable routing towards one or two services instead of instability with all services, suggesting the cause of the instability lies somewhere in the path to the anycast sites. Finally, we point out that for highly-unstable VPs, their probability to hit a given site is constant, which means the flipping are happening at a fine granularity - per packet level, suggesting load balancing might be the cause to anycast routing flipping. Our findings confirm the common wisdom that anycast almost always works well, but provide evidence that a small number of locations in the Internet where specific anycast services are never stable.
机译:如今,基于选播的服务已在商业上得到广泛使用,有数个主要提供商为数千个重要网站提供服务。但是,据我们所知,由于路由更改中断了用户与其当前的任播站点之间的连接,因此对任播失败的频率仅进行了有限的研究。尽管任播CDN的商业成功意味着任播通常都可以正常运行,但是某些用户最终被拒之门外吗?在本文中,我们检查了从9000多个地理分布的优势点(VP)到11个任播服务的数据,以评估此问题。我们的贡献是对这些数据的分析,以提供对该问题的第一定量,并探究其发生地点和原因。我们看到大约1%的VP处于任意播不稳定状态,经常到达不同的任意播站点(有时每个查询)。在给定服务和VP的选定实验中,观察到了10秒内两个站点之间的来回翻转。此外,我们证明了某些VP的任意播不稳定是持续存在的-一些VP在一周甚至更长的时间内从未看到与某些任意播服务的稳定连接。绝大多数VP仅看到向一或两个服务的路由不稳定,而不是所有服务的不稳定,这表明不稳定的原因在于通往任播站点的路径中的某处。最后,我们指出,对于高度不稳定的VP,它们命中给定站点的概率是恒定的,这意味着翻转发生的粒度非常精细-每个数据包级别,这表明负载平衡可能是任播路由翻转的原因。我们的发现证实了普遍的观点,即任播几乎总是可以正常工作,但是提供了证据,表明互联网上少数几个特定的​​任播服务从未稳定过的位置。

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