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首页> 外文会议>Proceedings of the 3rd IASTED international conference on environmental management and engineering; Proceedings of the 1st IASTED international conference on unconventional oils and the environment. >OVER-DEPENDENCE ON TUBEWELL IRRIGATION DRAINING OUT GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS IN THE FOOD BOWL OF INDIA
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OVER-DEPENDENCE ON TUBEWELL IRRIGATION DRAINING OUT GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS IN THE FOOD BOWL OF INDIA

机译：印度食物碗中的地下水流过管水灌溉的需求过大

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Due to increased population pressure and climaternchange, availability of good quality water will be ofrnutmost importance in the future globally. The Punjab staternof India, also known as food bowl of the nation, has beenrncontributing about 60% of wheat and 30 % of rice to thernnational food stocks, which has been possible due to thernavailability of assured irrigation along with high yieldingrncultivars and chemical inputs. With the increase in thernnumber of tube wells from 0.19 million in 1970-71 torn1.28 million during 2008-09, tubewell irrigation expandedrnto 70% area of the net sown area in the state. This studyrnencompasses the effect of development of tubewell andrncanal irrigation and changes in cropping patterns on thernbehavior of water-table (WT) in the state. During the pastrnfour decades, with the intensification in tube wellrnirrigation and decreased availability of canal waterrncoupled with escalation in water demand due to shift inrncropping patterns, WT declined in most parts of the state.rnDue to the over exploitation of groundwater by tubewellsrnand decreased canal water supply, average WT depth andrnrate of fall of WT were maximum in the north-easternrnparts of the state. In the south-western districts of thernstate, higher availability of canal water coupled withrnlower abstraction of groundwater could be the cause ofrnwater logging.
机译：由于人口压力和气候变化的加剧，在未来的全球范围内，提供优质水至关重要。印度旁遮普邦州（Punjab staternof）也被称为印度的粮食碗，它已经向全国粮食储备中贡献了约60％的小麦和30％的大米，这可能是由于无法提供有保证的灌溉以及高产的作物和化学投入物。随着管井数量从1970-71年的19万株增加到2008-09年的128万株，管井灌溉面积扩大到该州净播种面积的70％。这项研究涵盖了该州管井和运河灌溉的发展以及种植方式的变化对地下水位（WT）行为的影响。在过去的40年中，由于管井灌溉的集约化和运河水的可利用性下降，加上因轮作模式的改变导致需水量的增加，该州大部分地区的WT下降。由于管井对地下水的过度开采和运河供水的减少，该州东北部的平均小径深度和小径下降率最大。在热邦的西南地区，运河水的可利用性较高，而地下水的抽取量较低，可能是造成水淹的原因。

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