Performance and preference measures are commonly used in the assessment of visualization techniques. This is important and useful in understanding differences in effectiveness between different treatments. However, these measures do not answer how and why the differences are caused. And sometimes, performance measures alone may not be sensitive enough to detect differences. In this paper, we introduce a cognitive approach for visualization effectiveness and efficiency assessment. A model of user performance, mental effort and cognitive load (memory demand) is proposed and further mental effort and visualization efficiency measures are incorporated into our analysis. It is argued that 1) combining cognitive measures with traditional methods provides us new insights and practical guidance in visualization assessment. 2) analyzing human cognitive process not only helps to understand how viewers interact with visualizations, but also helps to predict user performance in initial stage. 3) keeping cognitive load induced by a visualization low allows more memory resources to be available for high level complex cognitive activities. A case study conducted supports our arguments.
性能和偏好度量通常用于可视化技术的评估中。这对于理解不同治疗方法之间的有效性差异非常重要和有用。但是,这些措施无法回答造成差异的方式和原因。有时,仅绩效指标可能不够灵敏以检测差异。在本文中,我们介绍了一种用于可视化效果和效率评估的认知方法。提出了一种用户绩效,智力和认知负荷(记忆需求)的模型,并将进一步的智力和可视化效率指标纳入我们的分析。有人认为:1)将认知方法与传统方法相结合,为我们在可视化评估中提供了新的见识和实践指导。 2)分析人类的认知过程不仅有助于了解观看者如何与可视化进行交互,而且还有助于在初始阶段预测用户的表现。 3)将可视化所引起的认知负荷保持在较低水平可以使更多的内存资源可用于高级复杂的认知活动。进行的案例研究支持了我们的观点。 P>
University of Sydney, Australia;
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