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首页> 外文会议>Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation 2012 international technical meeting >Field Observations of Personal Privacy Devices
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Field Observations of Personal Privacy Devices

机译：个人隐私设备的现场观察

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Personal Privacy Devices (PPDs) are now recognized asrnbeing responsible for causing interference to GPSrnreceivers. However, in November of 2009, when thernLocal Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Programrninstalled its first Ground Based Augmentation Systemrn(GBAS) at Newark International Airport (EWR), this factrnwas not known. Within the first month of its installation,rnanomalies in GBAS processing were correlated to thernpresence of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI). Initialrnefforts to determine the source of this unexpected RFIrnwere not successful. There was significant FAA interestrnin finding the source of this RFI and that interest resultedrnin the deployment of RFI detection and locationrnequipment by a number of different groups. ZetarnAssociates temporarily installed equipment in earlyrnJanuary 2010 that was capable of detecting andrncharacterizing RFI but did not have emitter locationrncapability. Characterization provided numerous clues asrnto the Radio Frequency (RF) bandwidth, modulation, therntime duration of each RFI event, the time of day, and thernday of the week when RFI events were observed.rnUnfortunately this characterization was not sufficient torndetermine the origins of the RFI. Additional groups usingrnemitter location equipment traveled to EWR with thernintent of identifying the location from which the RFI wasrntransmitting. Those efforts from January through midrnMarch of 2010 did not produce sufficiently reliablerninformation to reduce the search area. Zeta Associatesrnsent additional equipment, in March of 2010, with thernexplicit intent of reducing the search area. This additionalrnequipment not only provided the first evidence that thernsource of the RFI was from PPDs, but has also providedrnsignificant characterization of their transmitted signals.rnThe continuing interest in understanding PPD effects onrnGPS receivers has led to installation of remotelyrnaccessible monitoring equipment that continues to providerndetailed characteristics of these devices.rnThis paper describes the methodology that was used inrnsuccessfully identifying these devices, and therndetermination that they are transmitting with low powerrnand are in motion. This paper also provides detailedrncharacteristics of observable parameters of the devicesrnthat have travelled near EWR and a number of Wide ArearnAugmentation System (WAAS) reference stations.rnCharacteristics of observed PPD devices encompass arnsurprising wide variation in both externally observed RFrnspectra and also internal modulation. Detailed analysisrnprovides an indication as to the quality of thernmanufacturing of these devices and also the localrnenvironment in which they are transmitting.rnDetermining that an RFI transmitter is in motion is morerncertain if the RFI is observed simultaneously by multiplernsensors. However, analysis from hundreds of RFI eventsrnindicates that when an RFI source is in motion,rnobservations collected by a single sensor can providernsufficient information to determine that the RFIrntransmitter is in motion.
机译：现在，个人隐私设备（PPD）被认为是对GPSrn接收器造成干扰的原因。但是，2009年11月，当“区域增强系统（LAAS）”计划在纽瓦克国际机场（EWR）安装了其第一个地面增强系统（GBAS）时，这一事实还不得而知。在安装的第一个月内，GBAS处理中的异常现象与存在射频干扰（RFI）相关。确定此意外RFIrn的来源的最初尝试并未成功。美国联邦航空局（FAA）对寻找该RFI的来源非常感兴趣，而这种兴趣导致了许多不同小组部署RFI检测和定位设备。 ZetarnAssociates在2010年1月上旬临时安装了能够检测和表征RFI但不具有发射器定位功能的设备。表征提供了有关射频（RF）带宽，调制，每个RFI事件的持续时间，一天中的时间以及一周中的一天中观察到RFI事件的线索。不幸的是，此表征不足以确定RFI的起源。 。其他使用发射器定位设备的小组前往EWR，目的是确定RFI从其发射的位置。从2010年1月到2010年3月中旬所做的这些努力并未产生足够可靠的信息来缩小搜索范围。 Zeta Associates于2010年3月增加了设备，以明确缩小搜索范围。这种额外的设备不仅提供了RFI的来源是PPD的第一个证据，而且还提供了RFI的显着特征。理解PPD对GPS接收器的影响的持续兴趣导致安装了远程可访问的监控设备，该设备继续提供提供商的详细特性。本文描述了无法成功识别这些设备的方法，并确定了它们以低功率传输并处于运行状态。本文还提供了在EWR附近和许多广域增强系统（WAAS）参考站附近运行的设备的可观察参数的详细特征。所观察到的PPD设备的特征包括外部观察到的RF光谱和内部调制方面的惊人变化。详细的分析提供了有关这些设备的制造质量以及它们正在传输的本地环境的指示。如果通过多个传感器同时观察到RFI，则可以更确定RFI发送器处于运动状态。但是，对数百个RFI事件的分析表明，当一个RFI源处于运动状态时，单个传感器收集的物体观测信息可能无法提供足够的信息来确定RFI发送器处于运动状态。

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