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Calibration methods for phased array radars

机译：相控阵雷达的校准方法

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摘要

For successful beam shaping and scanning in phased array radars, it is essential to precisely set the amplitude and phase of each element channel. However, considerable amplitude and phase differences among the channels can occur due to the different RF hardware connected to each element. Also, the phase and amplitude characteristics of most RF devices depend on frequency and temperature and usually drift in time. In order to equalize the phase and amplitude effects of the channels, phased array radars need to be calibrated periodically. hi the literature, various phased array calibration methods are discussed. However, the specifics of these methods are usually not covered. Here, we describe four of the most commonly used calibration methods in detail: near-field scanning probe, peripheral fixed probes, calibration lines, and mutual coupling. Each calibration method is described step by step and relevant formulas are given. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are also discussed.
机译：为了在相控阵雷达中成功进行波束成形和扫描，必须精确设置每个元素通道的幅度和相位。但是，由于连接到每个元件的RF硬件不同，通道之间可能会出现相当大的幅度和相位差异。而且，大多数RF设备的相位和幅度特性取决于频率和温度，通常随时间漂移。为了均衡通道的相位和幅度影响，需要定期校准相控阵雷达。在文献中，讨论了各种相控阵校准方法。但是，通常不涵盖这些方法的细节。在此，我们详细介绍四种最常用的校准方法：近场扫描探针，外围固定探针，校准线和相互耦合。逐步介绍了每种校准方法，并给出了相关公式。还讨论了每种方法的优缺点。

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