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首页> 外文会议>Radon and thoron in the human environment >Instruments and methods for measuring radon/thoron and their progeny: calibrations, intercomparisons, and particle size
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Instruments and methods for measuring radon/thoron and their progeny: calibrations, intercomparisons, and particle size

机译：测量ra / tho及其后代的仪器和方法：校准，比对和粒径

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摘要

Indoor measurements of the concentrations of radon/thoron and their decay products were intensified worldwide in the last 13 years for the assessment of the radiation dose to workers and the general public. Measurements of particle size have been limited to a small group of universities and government agencies due to their complexity and high cost. A variety and plethora of instruments and methods have been developed using different principles of detection for different measurement applications. Overall, the instruments and methods used today depend on whether radon, thoron or radon and thoron decay products are being measured, the type of radiation being detected, the duration of the measurement, portability, convenience, reliability and cost considerations. The instruments of interest to most of us, use the following detection systems: pulse, current and electret ionization chambers, scintillation detectors with zinc sulfide, alpha particle spectrometers with silicon diodes, surface barrier or diffused junction detectors, registration of nuclear tracks in solid state materials, and gamma ray spectrometry and alpha and beta liquid scintillation spectrometry with Nal(TI) scintillation crystals or germanium lithium (GeLi) semiconductors and liquid scintillation spectrometry systems. An overview of particle sizing instruments and methods will be presented. The advantages and disadvantages, field applicability and cost of the different instruments will be discussed so the researcher or tester can select the proper one for his or her use.
机译：在过去的13年中，全世界范围内对ra / and及其衰变产物的浓度进行了室内测量，以评估对工人和公众的辐射剂量。由于它们的复杂性和高昂的成本，粒径的测量仅限于一小群大学和政府机构。已经针对不同的测量应用使用不同的检测原理开发了多种多样的仪器和方法。总体而言，当今使用的仪器和方法取决于是否要测量ra，或or和衰变产物，所检测的辐射类型，测量的持续时间，便携性，便利性，可靠性和成本因素。我们大多数人感兴趣的仪器使用以下检测系统：脉冲，电流和驻极体电离室，带有硫化锌的闪烁检测器，带有硅二极管的α粒子光谱仪，表面势垒或扩散结检测器，固态核径迹的配准材料，伽玛射线光谱法，含Nal（TI）闪烁晶体或锗锂（GeLi）半导体的α和β液体闪烁光谱法以及液体闪烁光谱系统。将概述颗粒筛分仪器和方法。将讨论不同仪器的优缺点，现场适用性和成本，以便研究人员或测试人员可以选择适合自己的仪器。

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