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Radon, gas geochemistry, groundwater, and earthquakes

机译：，天然气地球化学，地下水和地震

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摘要

Radon monitoring in groundwater, soil air, and atmosphere has been continued in many seismic areas of the world for earthquake-prediction and active-fault studies. Some recent measurements of radon and other geochemical and hydrological parameters have been made for sufficiently long periods, with reliable instruments, and together with measurements of meteorological variables and solid-earth tides. The resultant data are useful in better distinguishing earthquake-related changes from various background noises. Some measurements have been carried out in areas where other geophysical measurements are being made also. Comparative studies of various kinds of geophysical data are helpful in ascertaining the reality of the earthquake-related and fault-related anomalies and in understanding the underlying mechanisms. Spatial anomalies of radon and other terrestrial gasses have been observed for many active faults. Such observations indicate that gas concentrations are very much site dependent, particularly on fault zones where terrestrial fluids may move vertically. Temporal anomalies have been reliably observed before and after some recent earthquakes, including the 1995 Kobe earthquake, and the general pattern of anomaly occurrence remains the same as observed before: They are recorded at only relatively few sensitive sites, which can be at much larger distances than expected from existing earthquake-source models. The sensitivity of a sensitive site is also found to be changeable with time. These results clearly show the inadequacy of the existing dilatancy-fluid diffusion and elastic-dislocation models for earthquake sources to explain earthquake-related geochemical and geophysical changes recorded at large distances. A new paradigm invoking a slowly increasing tectonic-stress field in a broad region of a heterogeneous and faulted crust containing sites along the faults where the materials have been pre-stressed to precarious levels prior to the earthquakes is required.
机译：在世界上许多地震地区，继续对地下水，土壤空气和大气中的monitoring进行监测，以进行地震预测和主动断层研究。利用可靠的仪器，并结合气象变量和固体潮汐测量，对sufficiently和其他地球化学和水文参数的一些最新测量已经进行了足够长的时间。所得数据有助于更好地区分与地震相关的变化和各种背景噪声。一些测量也在已经进行其他地球物理测量的地区进行。对各种地球物理数据的比较研究有助于确定与地震有关的异常和与断层有关的异常，并有助于理解其潜在机制。对于许多活动断层，已经观测到了and和其他陆地气体的空间异常。这样的观察表明，气体浓度在很大程度上取决于位置，特别是在地面流体可能垂直移动的断层带。在最近的一些地震（包括1995年的神户地震）之前和之后，已经可靠地观测到时间异常，并且异常发生的一般模式与之前观察到的相同：仅在相对较少的敏感地点记录下来，这些地点的距离可能更大。比现有地震源模型所期望的要好。还发现敏感部位的敏感性随时间变化。这些结果清楚地表明，现有的用于地震源的扩流-流体扩散和弹性错位模型不足以解释远距离记录的与地震有关的地球化学和地球物理变化。需要一种新的范式，在地壳沿断层的不均匀和断层地壳的广泛区域中调用缓慢增加的构造应力场，在这些断层中，地震之前材料已经被预应力到不稳定的水平。

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  • 来源
  • 会议地点 Fukuoka(JP)
  • 作者

    Chi-Yu King;

  • 作者单位

    Power reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tono Geoscience Center Laboratory for Earthquake Chemistry University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan (On leave from Earthquake Prediction Research, Inc. 381 Hawthorne Ave., Los Altos, CA 94022 USA);

  • 会议组织
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 放射性元素、放射化学;放射卫生;
  • 关键词

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