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Integral bridges and environmental conditions

机译：整体桥梁与环境条件

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The major part of the European infrastructure has reached an age where capital costs have decreased. But inspection and maintenance costs have grown such extensively, that they constitute the major part of the current costs. An ageing and deteriorating bridge stock presents the bridge owners with the growing challenge of maintaining the structures at a satisfactory level of safety, performance and aesthetic appearance within the allocated budgets.rnLarge infrastructure projects often include very important structures for their specific location and special purpose.rnAfter some years of relative lull, Romania is now entering into a period of large projects: the realization of the national network of highroads with a large number of integral bridges, large structures for environmentally constrained and urbanized areas.rnSelecting the optimal type of bridge in the urbanized areas, within the actual budget is a key point in bridge management for which an accurate assessment of performance and deterioration rate is necessary. For this assessment, the use of integral bridges has several advantages compared to the traditional solution. For this reasons, attention is more and more focusing on the innovative solutions for Romania, like integral bridges for environmentally constrained and urbanized areas.rnIntegral abutment and jointless bridges are simple or multiple span bridges that have their superstructure cast integrally with their substructure. The jointless bridges cost less to construct and require less maintenance then equivalent bridges with expansion joints.rnThis paper presents some of the important features of integral abutment and jointless bridge design and some guidelines to achieve improved design in environmental constrains and urbanized areas. The intent of this paper is to enhance the awareness among the engineering community to use integral abutment and jointless bridges in Romania.
机译：欧洲基础设施的大部分已经达到了降低资本成本的时代。但是检查和维护成本增长得如此之大，以至于它们构成了当前成本的主要部分。老化且不断恶化的桥梁库存给桥梁所有者带来越来越大的挑战，那就是在分配的预算范围内将结构保持在令人满意的安全性，性能和美观外观上。大型基础设施项目通常包括非常重要的结构，以用于其特定位置和特殊用途。在经历了几年的相对平静之后，罗马尼亚现在进入了一个大型项目时期：通过大量的整体桥梁，环境受限和城市化地区的大型结构来实现全国高速公路网络的实现。在实际预算范围内，城市化地区是桥梁管理的关键，为此必须对性能和劣化率进行准确评估。为了进行此评估，与传统解决方案相比，使用整体式桥具有多个优势。因此，越来越多的注意力集中在罗马尼亚的创新解决方案上，例如环境受限和城市化地区的整体式桥梁。整体式桥台和无接缝式桥梁是简单的或多跨度的桥梁，其上部结构与下部结构整体铸造。与具有伸缩缝的同等桥梁相比，无接缝桥梁的建造成本更低，所需维护更少。本文介绍了整体式对接和无接缝桥梁设计的一些重要特征，以及在环境限制和城市化地区实现改进设计的一些准则。本文的目的是提高工程界在罗马尼亚使用整体式桥台和无接缝桥梁的意识。

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