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Snow evolution in Sierra Nevada (Spain) from an energy balance model validated with Landsat TM data

机译：基于Landsat TM数据验证的能量平衡模型，内华达山脉（西班牙）的积雪演变

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摘要

Sierra Nevada Mountains are the highest continental altitude in Spain. Located in the South, facing the Mediterranean Sea in a distance of less than 40 km, the high level of solar energy income throughout the year, together with the extremely variable character of climate in such latitudes, make it necessary to use energy balance approaches to characterize the snow cover evolution. Wind and relative humidity become decisive factors in the evolution of the snow cover due to the high evaporation rates that can arise under favourable meteorological conditions. This work presents the enhanced capability of the combination of Landsat TM data with the simulation of an energy balance model to produce sequences of hourly high resolution maps of snow cover and depth distribution under variable meteorological conditions such as those found in Mediterranean mountainous watersheds. Despite the good agreement found between observed and predicted snow pixels, different examples of disagreement arose in the boundaries, most of them related to the temperature and wind speed spatial pattern simulation together with the discrimination between rain and snowfall occurrence.
机译：内华达山脉是西班牙最高的大陆海拔。该地区位于南部，面对地中海，距离不到40公里，全年的太阳能收入很高，加上这些纬度地区气候的变化非常大，因此有必要使用能量平衡方法表征积雪的演变。由于在有利的气象条件下会产生高蒸发速率，因此风和相对湿度成为雪盖演变的决定性因素。这项工作展示了Landsat TM数据与能量平衡模型的仿真相结合的增强功能，可以在可变的气象条件下（例如在地中海山区流域中发现的）生成每小时高分辨率的积雪和深度分布的高分辨率地图序列。尽管在观测到的和预测的雪像素之间找到了很好的一致性，但是在边界中出现了不同的分歧示例，其中大多数与温度和风速空间模式模拟以及降雨和降雪发生的区分有关。

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