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首页> 外文会议>Revisiting experimental catchment studies in forest hydrology. >Sediment loads and erosion in forest headwater streams of the Sierra Nevada, California
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Sediment loads and erosion in forest headwater streams of the Sierra Nevada, California

机译：内华达山脉，加利福尼亚州的森林水源流中的泥沙负荷和侵蚀

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摘要

Defining best management practices for forests requires quantification of the variability of stream sediment loads for managed and unmanaged forest conditions and their associated sediment sources. Although "best management practices" are used, the public has concerns about effects from forest restoration activities and commercial timber harvests. It is necessary to know the current and/or natural range of variability to be able to determine if management activity has a significant negative impact; only long-term research can provide such data. The Forest Service in the United States has such long-term watershed research. An annual sediment load from a watershed is determined by emptying a sediment basin located in the stream channel at the end of a water year. Sediment fences, stream bank pins, survey techniques, and turbidity sensors provide measurements that can be used to determine the sources of sediment. The importance of having an undisturbed watershed for "natural range of variability" to compare with watersheds previously or currently under active management is illustrated. For example, at the Kings River Experimental Watersheds one of the managed watersheds in the rain and snow zone, produced 1.8, 15.2, and 18.7 kg/ha for water years 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. The increase in sediment accumulation correlates with an increase in yearly precipitation. The undisturbed watershed and the snow-dominated watersheds produce similar, and sometimes higher, sediment loads for these same years.
机译：要确定森林的最佳管理方法，就需要对有管理和无管理森林条件及其相关沉积物来源的河流沉积物负荷的变化进行量化。尽管使用了“最佳管理实践”，但公众仍对森林恢复活动和商业木材采伐的影响感到担忧。有必要知道当前和/或自然的可变性范围，以便能够确定管理活动是否具有重大的负面影响；只有长期的研究才能提供此类数据。美国森林服务局拥有如此长期的分水岭研究。通过在水年结束时排空位于流道中的沉淀池来确定流域的年沉积量。沉积物围栏，河堤，测量技术和浊度传感器可提供可用于确定沉积物来源的测量值。说明了对于“可变性的自然范围”而言，拥有不受干扰的分水岭与之前或当前正在积极管理的分水岭进行比较的重要性。例如，在金斯河实验流域，雨雪区的一个管理流域之一，在2004、2005和2006年的水年产量分别为1.8、15.2和18.7千克/公顷。沉积物积累的增加与年降水量的增加有关。在同一年中，未受干扰的流域和以雪为主的流域产生相似的，有时更高的沉积物负荷。

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