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Equity and efficiency considerations in setting standards for flood protection

机译：制定防洪标准时的公平和效率考虑

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摘要

The current standards for flood protection in The Netherlands are some 50 years old. The growth, in both the number of people and the assets to be protected, calls for a revision of these standards. In setting new standards, trade-offs have to be made (again) between goals of economic efficiency and societal equity. The current standards show only limited regional differentiation in the level of protection against floods. Preliminary cost benefit analyses, as well as studies on casualty risk, indicate that a larger differentiation could be justified on economic grounds. The question is, however, whether this will be acceptable from a societal point of view or not. To this end the paper will discuss the findings of surveys of public perception of flood risk, including perceptions of whether it is right or acceptable to differentiate in the level of protection of different parts of the country. The paper will also present and discuss the outcomes of round table discussions with decision-makers, representatives of NGOs and the business community. The surveys of public perception showed more support for differentiation than decision-makers were inclined to expect during the round table discussions. The paper will conclude with suggestions on how to deal with the tension between equity and efficiency in a constructive manner. This includes broadening the base of the current standards with an explicit consideration of casualty risk.
机译：荷兰目前的防洪标准已有大约50年的历史了。人数和受保护资产的增长都要求修订这些标准。在设定新标准时，必须（再次）在经济效率和社会公平目标之间进行权衡。当前的标准仅显示了在防洪方面的有限区域差异。初步的成本效益分析以及对人员伤亡风险的研究表明，从经济角度出发，更大的差异是合理的。但是，问题是，从社会的角度来看这是否可以接受。为此，本文将讨论公众对洪水风险的看法的调查结果，包括对区分该国不同地区的保护水平是否正确或可接受的看法。本文还将介绍和讨论与决策者，非政府组织代表和企业界的圆桌讨论的结果。公众看法调查显示，与决策者在圆桌会议讨论中所期望的相比，对差异化的支持更多。本文最后将提出关于如何以建设性的方式应对公平与效率之间的矛盾的建议。这包括通过明确考虑人员伤亡风险来扩大当前标准的基础。

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