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Periphery mapping in NATM tunnels

机译：NATM隧道中的外围设备映射

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摘要

In this study; to get different approach to periphery mapping technique the application of tunnelsrnopened by NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) method is aimed. Surface settlements due to excavationrnare important to keep under control in every stage of tunnels are opening by NATM method. During the progressrnof the tunnel, weak zones must be identified and spreading of weak zones should be estimated. As a resultrnof detection of weak zones and other geological structures, stability can be achieved by applying additionalrnsupport systems (additional rock bolt, cement and/or chemical injection, temporary invert concrete with strutrnetc.) before geological structure cause of the surface settlement. All geological structures encountered along thernroute are saved on the periphery map. Periphery map allows for three dimensional observation and estimation.rnBecause ofNATMis a gradual excavation method, periphery map allows to estimate of the geological structure ofrnother stages. Dimensions and orientations of discontinuities (faults, beddings etc.) encountered along the tunnelrnprogress is saved on the periphery map. Existing faults in progress of the tunnel can be estimated with the helprnof periphery map. Also, bedding orientation is an important parameter in tunneling works can be estimated withrnthe help of periphery map. According to estimated fault and bedding orientation, additional precautions (AGFrnumbrella arc, fore pilling, face bolt, additional steel support, gradual excavation etc.) are taken to the stability ofrnthe excavation surface. It is important to hold to existing water level to keep under control of surface settlementrnin NATM tunnels. During the progress of the tunnel, periphery map is prepared to showing to status of waterrnon tunnel surface. While excavations continuing, geotechnical values such as RMR, Q, GSI, are calculated withrngeotechnical data which was collected according to observational standards published by ISRM (InternationalrnSociety for Rock Mechanics) in 1981, are processed on periphery maps. So the areas, additional support measuresrnto be taken, will be selected. NATM is a method of gradual excavation. The NATM tunnels which is designedrnto initially opening of the pilot tunnel, geological and geotechnical properties of the tunnel on the main sectionrnare determined with the help of periphery map prepared with pilot tunnel data. Also, after the excavation ofrnthe top heading, estimating the other stage’s (such as Upper Medium Heading UMH, Lower Medium HeadingrnLMH, bench and invert) geological and geotechnical properties, collectively showing the concerned data to bernprovided.
机译：在这个研究中;为了获得不同的周边测绘技术方法，旨在利用NATM（新奥地利隧道法）方法开辟隧道。挖掘的地表沉降对于保持隧道各个阶段的可控性很重要，这是通过NATM方法进行的。在隧道施工过程中，必须确定薄弱区域并估算薄弱区域的扩散。作为弱区和其他地质结构的探测结果，可以在地质结构引起表面沉降之前，通过应用附加的支撑系统（附加的锚杆，水泥和/或化学注入，带有支柱的临时倒置混凝土等）来实现稳定性。沿路线遇到的所有地质结构都保存在外围地图上。外围图允许进行三维观测和估计。由于NAT是一种渐进的挖掘方法，外围图允许估计其他阶段的地质结构。沿隧道进度遇到的不连续性（断层，地层等）的尺寸和方向保存在外围地图上。可以使用helprnof外围图来估算隧道中的现有断层。另外，在隧道工程中，层理取向是重要的参数，可以借助外围图来估算。根据估计的断层和层理方位，采取了附加的预防措施（AGFrnumbrella弧，前起球，顶板螺栓，附加的钢支撑，逐渐开挖等），以确保开挖面的稳定性。重要的是要保持现有水位，以控制NATM隧道的地面沉降。在隧道施工过程中，准备外围地图以显示沃特农隧道表面的状况。在继续进行挖掘的同时，利用根据1981年ISRM（国际岩石力学学会）发布的观测标准收集的岩土工程数据来计算诸如RMR，Q，GSI等岩土工程值，并在外围地图上进行处理。因此，将选择需要采取的其他支持措施的区域。 NATM是一种逐步挖掘的方法。 NATM隧道最初设计为先导隧道的开通，主要部分隧道的地质和岩土特性将通过使用先导隧道数据准备的外围地图来确定。同样，在挖掘顶部钻头后，估算其他阶段的地质和岩土属性（例如，上中头UMH，下中头LMH，台架和倒立），共同显示要提供的有关数据。

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  • 来源
  • 会议地点 Wroclaw(PL)
  • 作者

    B.Yilmaz; H. Keskin Citiroglu;

  • 作者单位

    Statkraft Energy, Cetin Hydroelectric Power Plant Construction Project, Siirt, Turkey;

    Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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