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A High-Efficient Combustion Concept for Direct InjectionHydrogen Internal Combustion Engines

机译：直喷式氢内燃机的高效燃烧概念

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The hydrogen fueled ICE will play a significant role as the future automotive propulsion sys-tem.When high power density and instant power availability are required the hydrogen en-ginewill be the best choice.Until now most hydrogen internal combustion engine concepts had low power density, highNox-emissions and poor full load efficiency resulting in a limited vehicle range.Unlike naturally aspirated hydrogen engine concepts using external mixture formation, hy-drogendirect injection has the potential of increasing maximum power output as well aseliminating any exhaust emission.BMW has achieved a breakthrough by successfully applying this technology onto a test en-gine.The test-results show that compared with gasoline engines an increased specific engineload can easily be achieved. Operated as a naturally aspirated engine, indicated mean effectivepressures can be increased by more than 20% over that of a comparable production gasolineengine.At full and part load operation, combustion analysis and simulations were used to optimizethe engine for hydrogen combustion.In combining internal with external mixture formation a strategy to avoid any unwanted ex-haustgas emissions and at the same time increasing engine efficiency, was successfully de-ployed.By the means of thermodynamical analysis, such as pressure curve analysis, 1-dimensionalflow simulation and 3-dimensional flow calculations the potentials a combustion concept cus-tom-engineered for hydrogen are shown and future perspectives are given.
机译：氢燃料内燃机将在未来的汽车推进系统中扮演重要角色。当需要高功率密度和即时功率可用性时，氢发动机将是最佳选择。到目前为止，大多数氢内燃机概念都具有低功率密度。 ，高NOx排放和较差的满载效率导致了有限的车辆行驶里程。与使用外部混合物形成的自然吸氢发动机概念不同，氢直接喷射技术有可能增加最大功率输出并消除任何废气排放。测试结果表明，与汽油发动机相比，该技术可以轻松实现增加的特定发动机负载。作为自然吸气发动机运行，表明平均有效压力可以比同类生产汽油发动机提高20％以上。在全负荷和部分负荷运行下，燃烧分析和模拟被用于优化氢燃烧的发动机。通过热力学分析方法，例如压力曲线分析，一维流动模拟和三维流动，成功地采用了一种避免外部废气排放并同时提高发动机效率的策略。计算结果显示了燃烧概念由客户自行设计的氢势，并给出了未来的展望。

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