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Environmental monitoring of brominated flame retardants

机译：溴化阻燃剂的环境监测

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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are synthetic organobromide compounds which inhibit ignition and combustion processes. Because of their immense ability to retard fire and save life and property, they have been extensively used in many products such as TVs, computers, foam, plastics etc. The five major classes of BFRs are tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), pentabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether, and decabromodiphenyl ether. The last three are also commonly called PBDEs. BDE-85 and BDE-209 are the two prominent congeners of PBDEs and this study reports the adverse effects of these congeners in rodents. Exposure of rat sciatic nerves to 5 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL of BDE-85 and BDE-209 respectively lead to significant, concentration dependent reduction in nerve conduction function. Glucose absorption in the rat intestinal segments exposed to 5 μg/mL of BDE-85 and BDE-209 was significantly reduced for both the compounds tested. Lastly, mice when exposed to 0.25 mg/kg body weight for four days showed a disruption in oxidant and antioxidant equilibrium. The tissues namely liver and brain have shown increase in the levels of lipid hydroperoxides indicating oxidative stress. Moreover, all the protective enzymes namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and glutathione S transferase (GST) have shown tissue specific alterations indicating the induction of damaging oxidative stress and setting in of lipid peroxidation in exposed animals. The results indicate monitoring of PBDEs in the environment is essential because levels as low as 5 μg/mL and 0.25 mg/kg body weight were able to cause damage to the functions of rodents.
机译：溴化阻燃剂（BFR）是合成有机溴化物，可抑制着火和燃烧过程。由于它们具有极大的阻燃能力，可以挽救生命和财产，因此已广泛用于许多产品，例如电视，计算机，泡沫塑料等。BFR的五种主要类别是四溴双酚A（TBBPA），六溴环十二烷（HBCD） ），五溴二苯醚，八溴二苯醚和十溴二苯醚。后三个通常也称为PBDE。 BDE-85和BDE-209是多溴二苯醚的两个重要同源物，这项研究报告了这些同源物对啮齿动物的不利影响。大鼠坐骨神经分别暴露于5μg/ mL和20μg/ mL的BDE-85和BDE-209会导致神经传导功能的明显浓度依赖性降低。对于两种测试的化合物，暴露于5μg/ mL的BDE-85和BDE-209的大鼠肠段中的葡萄糖吸收均显着降低。最后，当小鼠在0.25 mg / kg体重下暴露4天后，其氧化剂和抗氧化剂平衡被破坏。肝脏和大脑等组织已显示出脂质过氧化氢水平升高，表明氧化应激。此外，所有保护性酶，即超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx），过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽S转移酶（GST）均显示出组织特异性改变，表明在暴露的动物中诱导了有害的氧化应激并引起脂质过氧化。结果表明监测环境中的多溴二苯醚至关重要，因为低至5μg/ mL和0.25 mg / kg体重的水平会导致啮齿动物的功能受损。

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