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Model development for MODIS thermal band electronic crosstalk

机译：MODIS热带电子串扰的模型开发

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摘要

MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has 36 bands. Among them, 16 thermal emissive bands covering a wavelength range from 3.8 to 14.4 μm. After 16 years on-orbit operation, the electronic crosstalk of a few Terra MODIS thermal emissive bands developed substantial issues that cause biases in the EV brightness temperature measurements and surface feature contamination. The crosstalk effects on band 27 with center wavelength at 6.7 μm and band 29 at 8.5 μm increased significantly in recent years, affecting downstream products such as water vapor and cloud mask. The crosstalk effect is evident in the near-monthly scheduled lunar measurements, from which the crosstalk coefficients can be derived. The development of an alternative approach is very helpful for independent verification. In this work, a physical model was developed to assess the crosstalk impact on calibration as well as in Earth view brightness temperature retrieval. This model was applied to Terra MODIS band 29 empirically to correct the Earth brightness temperature measurements. In the model development, the detector's nonlinear response is considered. The impact of the electronic crosstalk is assessed in two steps. The first step consists of determining the impact on calibration using the on-board blackbody (BB). Due to the detector's nonlinear response and large background signal, both linear and nonlinear coefficients are affected by the crosstalk from sending bands. The second step is to calculate the effects on the Earth view brightness temperature retrieval. The effects include those from affected calibration coefficients and the contamination of Earth view measurements. This model links the measurement bias with crosstalk coefficients, detector nonlinearity, and the ratio of Earth measurements between the sending and receiving bands. The correction of the electronic crosstalk can be implemented empirically from the processed bias at different brightness temperature. The implementation can be done through two approaches. As routine calibration assessment for thermal infrared bands, the trending over select Earth scenes is processed for all the detectors in a band and the band averaged bias is derived at a certain time. In this case, the correction of an affected band can be made using the regression of the model with band averaged bias and then corrections of detector differences are applied. The second approach requires the trending for individual detectors and the bias for each detector is used for regression with the model. A test using the first approach was made for Terra MODIS band 29 with the biases derived from long-term trending of brightness temperature over ocean and Dome-C.
机译：中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）具有36个波段。其中，16个热发射带覆盖3.8至14.4μm的波长范围。经过16年的在轨运行，一些Terra MODIS热发射带的电子串扰产生了严重的问题，导致EV亮度温度测量和表面特征污染方面出现偏差。近年来，对中心波长为6.7μm的波段27和波段为8.5μm的波段29的串扰效应显着增加，影响了下游产品，例如水蒸气和云罩。在近月计划的月球测量中，串扰效应是明显的，由此可以得出串扰系数。替代方法的开发对于独立验证非常有帮助。在这项工作中，开发了一个物理模型来评估串扰对校准以及地球视图亮度温度检索的影响。该模型根据经验应用于Terra MODIS波段29，以校正地球亮度温度测量。在模型开发中，考虑了检测器的非线性响应。电子串扰的影响分两个步骤进行评估。第一步包括使用车载黑体（BB）确定对校准的影响。由于检测器的非线性响应和较大的背景信号，线性和非线性系数均受发送频带的串扰影响。第二步是计算对地球视图亮度温度检索的影响。这些影响包括来自受影响的校准系数和地球视线测量值污染的影响。该模型将测量偏差与串扰系数，检测器非线性以及发送和接收频带之间的地球测量比率联系在一起。电子串扰的校正可以根据经验在不同的亮度温度下通过偏置来实现。该实现可以通过两种方法来完成。作为对红外热波段的常规校准评估，将对波段中的所有探测器处理选定地球场景的趋势，并在特定时间导出波段平均偏差。在这种情况下，可以使用带平均偏差的模型回归来对受影响的带进行校正，然后应用检测器差异的校正。第二种方法需要单个检测器的趋势，并且将每个检测器的偏差用于模型回归。对于Terra MODIS频段29，使用第一种方法进行了测试，其偏差来自海洋和Dome-C上亮度温度的长期趋势。

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