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首页> 外文会议>Skiing Trauma and Safety: Sixteenth Volume >Head Injury in Snowboarding: Evaluating the Protective Role of Helmets
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Head Injury in Snowboarding: Evaluating the Protective Role of Helmets

机译：单板滑雪中的头部受伤：评估头盔的保护作用

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According to a 1999 report by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, head injuries represent approximately 14 % of all skiing and snowboarding injuries. In a recent retrospective study of patients treated for snowboarding-related head injuries, Nakaguchi and Tsutsumi (2002) found that major head injuries were most often associated with backward falls (68 %) resulting in occipital impacts (66 % of falls) occurring on a gentle or moderate slope. They concluded that the majority of severe snowboarding head injuries were caused by the "opposite-edge phenomenon" where the snowboarder falls backward and contacts the occiput. In order to determine if the use of skiing helmets would reduce the likelihood of head injury associated with catching an edge snowboarding, we conducted a two-part study. In the first part, we measured the speeds of over 180 snowboarders on beginner and intermediate slopes at Mammoth, CA. Across all locations at the resort, the average speeds of beginner and intermediate snowboarders were 17.7 kph (11.0 mph) and 31.9 kph (19.8 mph), respectively. In the second part of the study, we used an instrumented 50th percentile male Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) to determine the head accelerations and neck loads associated with a backward fall onto the occiput, both with and without wearing a helmet. For these tests, the ATD was fitted with snowboarding equipment and accelerated to the speeds associated with an intermediate snowboarder (as measured in the first part of the study). Once the ATD was at speed, the snowboard was snubbed on the back edge, simulating the "opposite-edge phenomena" and the posterior aspect of the ATD head was propelled toward the snow surface or a simulated tree. Film analysis of the ATD fall kinematics demonstrated a rapid transition to whole-body angular motion at opposite edge catch. The use of a helmet reduced substantially the linear accelerations and head injury criterion associated with head-to-ground contact on hard, icy snow and during the simulated tree contact. Also, the neck loads were reduced modestly with helmet use. These findings indicate that helmets can mitigate head-to-ground contact severity associated with a common snowboarding fall scenario, the "opposite-edge-phenomenon."
机译：根据美国消费者产品安全委员会1999年的一份报告，头部受伤约占所有滑雪和单板滑雪伤害的14％。 Nakaguchi和Tsutsumi（2002）在最近的一项针对滑雪板相关的头部受伤接受治疗的患者的回顾性研究中发现，严重的头部受伤最常与向后跌倒有关（68％），从而导致枕骨撞击（跌倒的发生率占66％）。平缓或中等坡度。他们得出的结论是，大多数严重的滑雪板头部受伤是由“相反边缘现象”引起的，在这种情况下，滑雪板倒退并与枕骨接触。为了确定使用滑雪头盔是否可以减少与边缘滑雪相关的头部受伤的可能性，我们进行了一项分为两部分的研究。在第一部分中，我们在加利福尼亚州猛mm象市的初学者和中级斜坡上测量了180多名滑雪者的速度。在度假村的所有位置，初学者和中级滑雪者的平均速度分别为17.7公里/小时（11.0英里/小时）和31.9公里/小时（19.8英里/小时）。在研究的第二部分中，我们使用装有仪器的第50个百分位男性Hybrid III拟人化测试设备（ATD）来确定头戴加速度和颈部负荷，以及是否戴着头盔都与倒向枕骨有关。对于这些测试，ATD装有单板滑雪设备，并加速至与中级单板滑雪者相关的速度（在研究的第一部分中进行了测量）。一旦ATD达到速度，就将滑雪板紧贴在后边缘上，模拟“相反边缘的现象”，然后将ATD头的后部朝雪面或模拟树推进。对ATD跌落运动学的电影分析表明，在相对的边缘抓取处迅速过渡到全身角运动。头盔的使用大大降低了在硬冰雪上以及在模拟树木接触期间与头对地面接触相关的线性加速度和头部受伤标准。此外，使用头盔可适度减少颈部负担。这些发现表明，头盔可以减轻与常见的单板滑雪摔倒场景（“相反边缘现象”）相关的头对地接触严重性。

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