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首页> 外文会议>Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference; 20050508-11; Charleston,SC(US) >The 1964 Tsunami in Crescent City, California: A 40-year retrospective
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The 1964 Tsunami in Crescent City, California: A 40-year retrospective

机译：1964年在加利福尼亚新月市发生的海啸：40年回顾展

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摘要

The March 1964 Alaska tsunami caused major damage in Alaska and also impacted the west coast of North America. Crescent City, 3000 km away from the source region, suffered the greatest damage outside Alaska. At least four observable waves hit the area and peak tsunami run-up was 6.7 m relative to Mean Lower Low Water ((MLLW). Thirty blocks of the downtown and harbor areas were inundated and nearly 300 homes and businesses damaged or destroyed. We reexamine pre- and post-tsunami air photos, damage assessments and personal accounts to describe tsunami flow characteristics, inundation and structural damage. Eyewitnesses generally described the incoming water as a gentle flow with water elevation increasing at the rate of about 0.3 meters/minute. The peak water elevation in the developed parts of the City reached about 3 meters above the land surface. In areas where the water depth was one meter or greater, the most common cause of structural damage was floating wooden houses off foundations. Other structures were damaged by the impact of debris and moving structures, and/or walls buckling from internal water pressure after the water receded. Fires ignited gasoline tanks and spread to neighboring structures. Most of the buildings within the inundation zone were subsequently demolished through the Crescent City Redevelopment Project. In the forty years since the tsunami, Crescent City has established a siren-based tsunami warning system and developed tsunami evacuation maps, posted signs along evacuation routes and is the only city in California currently designated "Tsunami Ready" by the National Weather Service's TsunamiReady program. However offsetting these mitigation efforts is the increased exposure caused by new commercial development within the 1964 inundation zone and recognition of the Cascadia subduction zone as a source of significantly larger tsunamis than the 1964 event.
机译：1964年3月的阿拉斯加海啸对阿拉斯加造成了严重破坏，也影响了北美西海岸。距来源地区3000公里的新月市在阿拉斯加以外遭受了最大的破坏。相对于平均低水位（MLLW），至少有四次可观察到的海浪袭击了该地区，海啸的高峰期达到了6.7 m，市区和港口地区的30个街区被淹没，近300户房屋和企业遭到破坏或破坏。海啸发生前后的空气照片，损害评估以及描述海啸流量特征，淹没和结构破坏的个人描述目击者通常将流入的水描述为平缓的流动，水的上升速度约为0.3米/分钟。纽约市发达地区的最高水位达到了地面以上约3米，在水深大于或等于1米的地区，最常见的结构损坏原因是木制房屋从地基上浮下来，其他结构则受到损坏。水退去后，碎片和移动结构的影响，和/或墙壁因内部水压而屈曲；大火点燃了汽油箱，并蔓延至邻居环结构。淹没区内的大多数建筑物随后通过新月城市重建项目被拆除。海啸发生后的40年中，新月城建立了基于警报器的海啸预警系统，并开发了海啸避难地图，在避难路线上张贴了告示牌，并且是加利福尼亚州目前唯一由美国国家气象局的“海啸就绪”计划指定为“海啸就绪”的城市。 。但是，抵消这些缓解措施的是，由于1964年淹没区内的新商业开发以及卡斯卡迪亚俯冲带被认为是比1964年事件海啸明显更大的来源而引起的暴露增加。

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