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Fractal characteristics of exoplanet transit time series data

机译:系外行星穿越时间序列数据的分形特征

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Exoplanet transit time series photometric data usually contain noise levels that are comparable to the transit signal jumps. The analysis that assumes Gaussian noise and extensive data averaging calibrated to a reference star has been the traditionally used algorithm. This paper studied the fractal property of the time series and found that the fractal dimension changes for time series data that contain transits. The Higuchi fractal method, where the length of the increment in various time lags is plotted against the lags, was used in this study. (Higuchi, T., "Approach to an irregular time series on the basis of fractal theory", Physica D, vol 31, 277-283, 1988). The fractal algorithm was calibrated with the Weierstrass function. Simulations using Gaussian noise suggested that a transit jump signal at about 1-sigma noise level would produce changes in fractal dimension, while non-Gaussian noise simulations suggested a higher transit jump signal. The fractal algorithm was applied to data collected on HD 209458 as well as on published data. The transit caused a fractal dimension change of about 0.06. An over-exposed CCD dataset with much noise was also analyzed and a fractal dimension change of about 0.02 was obtained. The result suggests that fractal dimension analysis, without the assumption of error normality, is an alternative method for identifying transits in time series photometric data.
机译:系外行星渡越时间序列光度数据通常包含与渡越信号跳跃相当的噪声水平。传统上使用的算法是假设高斯噪声和校准到参考星的大量数据平均后进行的分析。本文研究了时间序列的分形特性,发现包含过渡的时间序列数据的分形维数发生了变化。在这项研究中使用了Higuchi分形方法,其中绘制了各种时滞的增量长度与时滞的关系。 (Higuchi,T。,“基于分形理论的不规则时间序列的方法”,Physica D,第31卷,277-283,1988)。分形算法已通过Weierstrass函数进行了校准。使用高斯噪声的模拟表明,大约1sigma噪声水平的瞬态跳跃信号会产生分形维数的变化,而非高斯噪声模拟则表明瞬态跳跃信号更高。分形算法适用于在HD 209458上收集的数据以及已发布的数据。过渡导致分形维数变化约0.06。还分析了具有大量噪声的曝光过度的CCD数据集,并获得了约0.02的分形维数变化。结果表明,在没有误差正态性假设的情况下,分形维数分析是识别时间序列光度数据中的过渡的另一种方法。

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