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首页> 外文会议>STI/PUB/1285; Consultants Meeting on Management Practices for Improving Sustainable Crop Production in Tropical Acid Soils; 19990501-03; Vienna(AT) >HOW DO COWPEA AND GROUNDNUT IMPROVE SOIL N FERTILITY AND YIELDS OF SUCCEEDING SORGHUM CROP IN THE GUINEAN SAVANNAH ZONE OF BURKINA FASO (WEST AFRICA)?
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HOW DO COWPEA AND GROUNDNUT IMPROVE SOIL N FERTILITY AND YIELDS OF SUCCEEDING SORGHUM CROP IN THE GUINEAN SAVANNAH ZONE OF BURKINA FASO (WEST AFRICA)?

机译：在布基纳法索（西非）的萨瓦纳地区，高铁和花生如何提高土壤中的氮素含量和成功的高粱产量？

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Field experiments were carried out in a weakly acid (pH H_2O 6,5) Ultisol at Farako-Ba (4° 20' West, 11° 6' North and 405 m altitude) in the Guinean savannah zone of Burkina Faso to study the beneficial effects of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) on grain yield of succeeding sorghum. The first experiment was a factorial of three crop rotations (cowpea-sorghum, groundnut-sorghum and sorghum-sorghum) as first factor and five fertilizer treatments (NPK fertilizer, NPK+ dolomite, NPK+ manure, NK+ phosphate rock and a control) as second factor in a split plot design with a randomised block arrangement and four replications. Soil mineral N, nematode infection and fertilizer N recoveries were studied during three years (2000 to 2002). Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in cowpea and groundnut was measured in the second year (2001) with ~(15)N isotopic dilution method using a non-fixing cowpea as reference crop. Groundnut fixed 8 to 23 kg N ha~(-1) and the percent of N derived from the atmosphere (% Ndfa) varied from 27 to 34%. Cowpea fixed 50 to 115 kg N ha~(-1) and the Ndfa varied from 52 to 56%. Compared to mineral NPK fertilizer alone, legumes fixed more nitrogen from the atmosphere when NPK fertilizer was combined with dolomite or manure, Compared to water-soluble phosphate, phosphate rock increased BNF by cowpea. Highest responses to N fertilizer applications were found when sorghum was rotated with legumes and the lowest in mono cropping of cereals. Compared to mono cropping of cereals (maize-sorghum or sorghum-sorghum), sorghum produced 2.9 and 3.1 times more grain yields when it was rotated with groundnut or cowpea respectively, In a second experiment, the response of a succeeding sorghum to N fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer equivalencies (NFE) of the two legumes and nematode infection in the soil and roots of the succeeding sorghum were studied. The NFE of groundnut (35 kg N ha~(-1)) was higher than that of cowpea (25 kg N ha~(-1)). However, soil and succeeding sorghum roots were most infected by nematodes in cowpea-sorghum rotation while groundnut in the rotation decreased nematode infections. The high NFE of groundnut compared to cowpea indicated that positive effect of groundnut on nematode suppression was accounted in NFE as N effect. A better use of N fertilizer was observed in legume-sorghum rotations. In continuous sorghum, fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE) was 20% whereas NUEs in cowpea-sorghum and groundnut-sorghum rotations were 28 and 37% respectively. The soils of legume-sorghum rotations contained more mineral N (40-50% more than the monocropping control), thus increasing soil N supply to succeeding sorghum compared to mono cropping of sorghum. The highest total N uptake by sorghum was found in legume-sorghum rotations. It was estimated from the response curves that 51 and 58 kg N ha~(-1) should be applied to sorghum when it was rotated with groundnut or cowpea respectively to achieve optimum grain yields of 2,000 kg ha~(-1).
机译：在布基纳法索几内亚大草原地区的Farako-Ba（西4°20'，北11°6'北和405 m高度）的弱酸（pH H_2O 6,5）Ultisol中进行了野外试验，以研究其有益效果。 of豆（Vigna unguiculata）和花生（Arachis hypogea）对后继高粱产量的影响。第一个实验是将三个轮作因子（co豆-高粱，花生-高粱和高粱-高粱）作为因子，并将五种肥料处理（NPK肥料，NPK +白云石，NPK +肥料，NK +磷酸盐岩和对照）作为第二因子。在具有随机区组排列和四个重复的分割图设计中。在三年（2000年至2002年）期间，研究了土壤矿质氮，线虫感染和肥料氮的回收率。第二年（2001年）使用〜（15）N同位素稀释法，以非固定cow豆为参考作物，测定了cow豆和花生中的生物固氮（BNF）。花生固定为8至23 kg N ha〜（-1），而来自大气的氮的百分比（％Ndfa）则从27％至34％不等。 pea豆将N ha〜（-1）固定为50至115 kg，Ndfa从52％降至56％。与单独使用矿物NPK肥料相比，当将NPK肥料与白云石或肥料结合使用时，豆类植物会从大气中固定更多的氮。与水溶性磷酸盐相比，磷矿石通过cow豆增加了BNF。当高粱与豆类一起轮作时，对氮肥施用的响应最高，而单作谷物的响应最低。与单种谷物（玉米-高粱或高粱-高粱）相比，高粱与花生或cow豆轮作时，谷物产量分别提高了2.9倍和3.1倍。在第二个实验中，后继的高粱对氮肥的响应，研究了两个豆科植物的氮肥当量（NFE）和继发高粱的土壤和根中的线虫感染。花生（35 kg N ha〜（-1））的NFE高于（豆（25 kg N ha〜（-1））。然而，cow豆-高粱轮作中土壤和后续的高粱根系最容易被线虫感染，而轮作中的花生减少了线虫的感染。与cow豆相比，花生的NFE较高，表明花生对线虫抑制的积极作用被归为NFE。在豆类-高粱轮作中观察到氮肥的使用更好。在连续高粱中，fertilizer豆-高粱和花生-高粱轮作中的氮素利用率分别为20％和28％。豆科植物-高粱轮作的土壤中含有更多的矿质氮（比单作作物高40-50％），因此与高粱的单作相比，土壤对后继高粱的氮供应增加。在豆科植物-高粱的轮作中，高粱吸收的N最高。根据响应曲线估计，当高粱与花生或cow豆一起旋转时，应分别施以51和58 kg N ha〜（-1）以获得最高2,000 kg ha〜（-1）的谷物产量。

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