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首页> 外文会议>STI/PUB/1285; Consultants Meeting on Management Practices for Improving Sustainable Crop Production in Tropical Acid Soils; 19990501-03; Vienna(AT) >LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF CROPPING SYSTEMS AND FERTILIZATION ON CROP PRODUCTION, SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND NITROGEN CYCLING IN THE GUINEAN AND SUDANIAN SAVANNAH ZONES OF BURKINA FASO (WEST AFRICA)
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LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF CROPPING SYSTEMS AND FERTILIZATION ON CROP PRODUCTION, SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND NITROGEN CYCLING IN THE GUINEAN AND SUDANIAN SAVANNAH ZONES OF BURKINA FASO (WEST AFRICA)

机译：播种系统和施肥对布基纳法索（西非）的圭亚那和苏丹萨瓦纳地区作物产量，土壤特性和氮循环的长期影响

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摘要

The long-term effects of annual fallow and two grain legumes, namely groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) on soil N, fertilizer N recovery and yield of subsequent non-fixing crops were investigated in two ecological savannah zones of West Africa. The effects of fallow and groundnut on sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) and cotton (Gossypium sp) were studied using a 10-years (1993-2003) field experiment at the agronomic research station of Farako-Ba (4° 20′ West, 11° 6′ North and 405 m altitude) in Guinean savannah zone Burkina Faso. A factorial 3x8 design in a split plot arrangement was used. Three crop rotations (cotton-groundnut-Sorghum, fallow-sorghum and mono cropping of sorghum) were used as first factor and 8 fertilizer treatments (mineral NPK fertilizer, NPK+crop residues, NPK+dolomite, PK+crop residues, PK+manure, PK+compost, PK and control) were applied as second factor. In the Sudanian savannah zone, a 5-year (1995-1999) field experiment was laid down at the research station of Kouare (11° 59′ North, 0° 19′ West and 850 m altitude). A factorial of three cropping systems (cowpea-sorghum, fallow-sorghum and mono cropping of sorghum) as a first factor and 4 fertilizer treatments (mineral NPK fertilizer, NPK+dolomite, PK+manure and a control) as a second factor in a split plot design was used. In the Guinean savannah zone, grain yields of succeeding sorghum increased from 547 kg ha~(-1) in continuous sorghum to 912 and 1021 kg ha~(-10) in fallow-sorghum and cotton-groundnut-sorghum rotations respectively. Soils of fallow-sorghum and cotton-groundnut-sorghum rotations contained more mineral N at sowing. The N fertilizer use efficiency increased from 19% for the continuous sorghum to 32 and 51% for the fallow-sorgum and cotton-groundnut-sorghum respectively. Soil organic carbon increased from 0.36% in continuous sorghum to 0.39 and 0.54% in cotton-groundnut-sorghum and fallow-sorghum rotations respectively. Compared to the original soil, continuous sorghum and cotton-groundnut-sorghum rotations decreased soil organic carbon. Only fallow-sorghum rotation maintained soil organic carbon, exchange acidity and base saturation at same levels like those of original soil. Manure applications increased soil organic carbon, total N and available P. Except for the fallow-sorghum rotation, other rotations increased aluminum saturation and decreased soil pH compared to original soil. Manure or dolomite applications decreased exchange acidity and maintained soil pH and base saturation at same levels like those of original soil.
机译：在西非的两个生态大草原地区调查了年度休耕和两种谷物豆类（花生（花生）和cow豆（Vigna unguiculata））对土壤氮，肥料氮的回收以及随后的非固定作物产量的长期影响。 。在Farako-Ba（4°20′West，11°）农艺研究站进行了为期10年（1993-2003）的田间试验，研究了休耕和花生对高粱（双色高粱）和棉花（棉）的影响。几内亚热带稀树草原地区布基纳法索的北纬6′，海拔405 m。使用分解图布置的阶乘3x8设计。三种轮作（棉花-花生-高粱，休闲高粱和高粱单作）被用作第一因子，并进行了八种肥料处理（矿质氮磷钾肥料，氮磷钾+作物残渣，氮磷钾+白云石，磷钾+作物残渣，磷钾+肥料，PK + compost，PK和对照）作为第二因素。在苏丹大草原地区，在库阿雷研究站（北纬11°59′，西经0°19′和850 m）进行了为期5年（1995-1999年）的野外试验。一个因素中的三个种植系统（co豆-高粱，休闲高粱和高粱的单一种植）的阶乘和第二个因素中的四个肥料处理（矿质氮磷钾肥料，氮磷钾+白云石，磷钾+肥料和对照）作为第二因子。使用分割图设计。在几内亚的大草原地区，后继高粱的产量从连续高粱的547 kg ha〜（-1）增加到休耕高粱和棉花-花生-花生-高粱轮作的912和1021 kg ha〜（-10）。小高粱和棉花-花生-高粱轮作的土壤在播种时含有更多的矿质氮。氮肥的利用率从连续高粱的19％提高到休闲高粱和棉花花生-花生-高粱的32％和51％。土壤有机碳从连续高粱的0.36％增至棉花-花生-高粱和休耕-高粱轮作的0.39和0.54％。与原始土壤相比，连续的高粱和棉花-花生-高粱轮作减少了土壤有机碳。只有小高粱轮作将土壤有机碳，交换酸度和碱饱和度维持在与原始土壤相同的水平。施肥增加了土壤有机碳，总氮和有效磷。除高粱轮作外，其他轮作与原始土壤相比增加了铝的饱和度并降低​​了土壤的pH值。施用肥料或白云石会降低交换酸度，并保持土壤pH和碱饱和度与原始土壤相同。

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