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首页> 外文会议>STI/PUB/1285; Consultants Meeting on Management Practices for Improving Sustainable Crop Production in Tropical Acid Soils; 19990501-03; Vienna(AT) >PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE EFFICIENCY OF SORGHUM AND RICE GENOTYPES AS AFFECTED BY PHOSPHATE SOURCES OF VARYING SOLUBILITY
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PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE EFFICIENCY OF SORGHUM AND RICE GENOTYPES AS AFFECTED BY PHOSPHATE SOURCES OF VARYING SOLUBILITY

机译：磷源对可溶性固氮和水稻基因型磷吸收效率的影响

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Greenhouse experiments were carried out to assess the phosphate uptake efficiency (EPa) by the aerial plant parts and associated plant parameters in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes with differential tolerance to aluminum. The following plant parameters were determined: acid phosphomonoesterase activity (APA), arbuscular mycorrhiza colonized root lenght (%CRL), soil-pH and rhizosphere-pH and P uptake efficiency. Two Ultisols of low pH and low phosphate availability from the savanna of Venezuela were employed. In a greenhouse experiment five sorghum cultivars, i.e. Chaguaramas III (Ch III), Chaguaramas VII (Ch VII), Dekalb-59 (D-59), Criollo-26 and Ismael were studied. In another experiment four acid tolerant rice cultivars of Oryza sativa (CT-81-1, Fonaiap 2000, Fedearroz y CT-102-1) and one cultivar of Oryza glaberrima susceptible to Al toxicity were compared. P fertilization treatments were: control (OP), Riecito rock phosphate (RRP) and triple superphosphate (TSP). Significant sorghum genotypic differences were found in the parameters evaluated enabling them to grow on the acid soils. Their response was differential depending on the P source and the interaction between source and genotype. The use of the Al-tolerant cultivars Ch III, Ch VII is a potential means to obtain high dry matter production for cattle feeding when pasture supply is low. The cultivars Ch VII, Ch III and Ismael showed higher P-uptake efficiency index (EPa) when fertilized with the local Riecito rock phosphate, thus this PR can be considered to increase soil P status and improve agricultural production in the acid soils of the savannah of Venezuela. Cultivars with higher P uptake efficiency, in particular Ch III and Ch VII (tolerant to Al toxicity) expressed mechanisms such as high % of CRL by arbuscular mycorrhiza and increases in rhizospheric pH whereas cultivars with lower P uptake efficiency such as D-59 (susceptible to Al toxicity) expressed higher APA. The acid tolerant rice cultivars (CT-81-1, Fonaiap 2000, Fedearroz 50, CT-102-1) showed increased rhizosphere-pH whereas the acid susceptible genotype (Oryza glaberrima) had lower rhizosphere-pH. All acid tolerant rice cultivars can be considered for cultivation in the savannahs of Venezuela.
机译：进行了温室实验以通过对铝具有不同耐受性的高粱（Sorghum bicolor L. Moench）和水稻（Oryza sativa）基因型的空中植物部位和相关植物参数来评估磷酸盐的吸收效率（EPa）。确定了以下植物参数：酸性磷酸单酯酶活性（APA），丛枝菌根定植的根长（％CRL），土壤pH值和根际pH和P吸收效率。使用了两种来自委内瑞拉大草原的低pH和低磷酸盐利用率的Ultisol。在温室试验中，研究了五个高粱品种，即Chaguaramas III（Ch III），Chaguaramas VII（Ch VII），Dekalb-59（D-59），Criolo-26和Ismael。在另一个实验中，比较了四个水稻耐酸水稻品种（CT-81-1，Fonaiap 2000，Fedearroz y CT-102-1）和一个对Al敏感的水稻栽培品种。 P施肥处理为：对照（OP），Riecito磷酸盐（RRP）和三重过磷酸盐（TSP）。在评估的参数中发现了明显的高粱基因型差异，使它们能够在酸性土壤上生长。根据P源以及源与基因型之间的相互作用，它们的反应是不同的。当草场供应量低时，使用耐铝品种Ch III，Ch VII是获得高干物质产量以供牛饲喂的潜在手段。 Ch VII，Ch III和Ismael品种在与当地Riecito磷酸盐混合施肥时表现出较高的P吸收效率指数（EPa），因此该PR可被视为在大草原的酸性土壤中提高土壤P状况并改善农业生产委内瑞拉。具有较高P吸收效率的品种，特别是Ch III和Ch VII（耐受Al毒性）表现出这样的机制，例如丛枝菌根的CRL含量高和根际pH升高，而P吸收效率较低的品种，例如D-59（易感）铝毒性）表示较高的APA。耐酸水稻品种（CT-81-1，Fonaiap 2000，Fedearroz 50，CT-102-1）显示出根际pH升高，而酸敏感基因型（Oryza glaberrima）的根际pH较低。可以考虑在委内瑞拉的大草原上种植所有耐酸水稻品种。

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