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首页> 外文会议>STI/PUB/1285; Consultants Meeting on Management Practices for Improving Sustainable Crop Production in Tropical Acid Soils; 19990501-03; Vienna(AT) >RESPONSE OF PROMISCUOUS SOYBEAN TO RHIZOBIAL INOCULATION AND FERTILIZATION TREATMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SUBSEQUENT MAIZE YIELDS IN DEGRADED 'TERRE DE BARRE' IN BENIN
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RESPONSE OF PROMISCUOUS SOYBEAN TO RHIZOBIAL INOCULATION AND FERTILIZATION TREATMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SUBSEQUENT MAIZE YIELDS IN DEGRADED 'TERRE DE BARRE' IN BENIN

机译：贝宁退化的“ TERRE DE BARRE”大豆对根瘤菌接种和施肥处理的反应及其对后续玉米产量的影响。

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Poor adoption of green manures and agroforestry systems for the sustainable intensification of agricultural production in the moist savannah of West Africa, and the low contribution of the traditional grain legumes such as groundnuts, cowpea and common bean have prompted the search for alternative socio-economic solutions for the smallholders such as the development the N_2 fixation of promiscuous soybean to increase food production and improve soil fertility status, in particular in the degraded lands. Twenty one and fifteen farmers' fields were selected in 2001 and 2002 respectively and again in 2002 and 2003 for the trials. Each fanner's field represented one replication. The ~(15)N isotope dilution method was used to assess symbiotic N_2 fixation of the IITA promiscuous soybean variety TGX 1448 2E and its response to inoculation and fertilization. In both years 2001 and 2002, the application of 20 kg N did not affect nodulation, biomass production and N accumulation of soybean uninoculated in 2001, or inoculated in 2002. However, inoculation produced the highest nodule number and nodule weight in 2002. The highest values of biomass production and N accumulation were found with soybean that received poultry manure in 2001 and 100 kg N ha~(-1) as urea in 2002. The highest biomass and N accumulation in 2001 was 1600 kg ha~(-1) and 41 kg N ha~(-1) with soybean amended with poultry manure. Shoot N production in 2002 averaged only 25 kg N ha~(-1), while the average N accumulation in soybean seed was 64 kg N ha~(-1). The best percentage of N derived from atmosphere (54%) amounting only 1.3 kg N ha~(-1) was obtained with soybean fertilized with 20 kg N ha~(-1) and inoculated treatment. These values are too low indicating that soybean cultivated in the study area is far from satisfying its N requirements through N fixation. The N balance calculated on the basis of the amount of N fixed removed in the grain is negative (-48 kg N ha~(-1)). In the season 2002, it was observed that maize yields in the plots previously cropped to soybean did not show any significant difference from the plots previously cropped to maize. Significant increase occurred only when plots were previously grown to soybean and fertilized with poultry manure being 5124 and 2311 kg DM ha~(-1) for maize shoot and grain respectively. Total N yield in shoots was significantly higher in plots previously cropped to soybean than those of maize. The contribution of soybean to maize yield was not significantly different from the contribution of maize-to-maize in 2003. Soybean development in West Africa is a promising technology that has multiple benefits. However substantial inputs and important investments are required to remove severe soil constraints affecting its growth and grain yield potential before these benefits can be fully achieved.
机译：在西非潮湿大草原中，绿色肥料和农林业系统的采用不足，难以实现农业生产的可持续集约化，花生，cow豆和普通豆等传统谷物豆类的贡献较低，促使人们寻求其他社会经济解决方案对于小农户而言，例如开发杂种大豆的N_2固着以增加粮食产量并改善土壤肥力，特别是在退化土地上。在2001年和2002年分别选择了21个和15个农民田地，并在2002年和2003年再次选择了田地进行试验。每个粉丝的字段代表一个副本。 〜（15）N同位素稀释法用于评估IITA混杂大豆品种TGX 1448 2E的共生N_2固定及其对接种和施肥的响应。在2001年和2002年这两个时期，施用20 kg氮均不影响2001年或2002年未接种的大豆的结瘤，生物量生产和氮积累。但是，接种在2002年产生了最高的根瘤数和根瘤重。 2001年以家禽粪便和2002年100 kg N ha〜（-1）作为尿素的大豆发现了生物量生产和氮积累的值。2001年最高的生物量和氮积累量为1600 kg ha〜（-1）和氮。 41 kg N ha〜（-1），大豆加家禽粪便。 2002年地上部氮的平均产量仅为25 kg N ha〜（-1），而大豆种子中的平均氮累积量为64 kg N ha〜（-1）。施用20 kg N ha〜（-1）的大豆并进行接种处理，获得的最佳氮源比例仅为54 kg，仅为1.3 kg N ha〜（-1）。这些值太低，表明研究区域种植的大豆远不能通过固氮来满足其对氮的需求。根据谷物中固定去除的N量计算出的N平衡为负（-48 kg N ha〜（-1））。在2002年季节，观察到先前种植大豆的地块的玉米单产与先前种植玉米的地块没有显着差异。仅当先前将地块种植到大豆上并以家禽粪便分别为5124和2311 kg DM ha〜（-1）进行玉米芽和谷物施肥时，显着增加。在以前种植大豆的地块中，芽中的总氮产量显着高于玉米。大豆对玉米单产的贡献与2003年玉米对玉米的贡献没有显着差异。西非的大豆发展是一项有前途的技术，具有多种好处。但是，在完全实现这些利益之前，需要大量投入和重要投资来消除影响其生长和谷物单产潜力的严重土壤限制。

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