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首页> 外文会议>STI/PUB/1285; Consultants Meeting on Management Practices for Improving Sustainable Crop Production in Tropical Acid Soils; 19990501-03; Vienna(AT) >LIMING EFFECT ON THE AGRONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOSPHATE SOURCES VARYING IN SOLUBILITY APPLIED TO UPLAND RICE AND SOYBEAN GROWN ON AN ACID ULTISOL
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LIMING EFFECT ON THE AGRONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOSPHATE SOURCES VARYING IN SOLUBILITY APPLIED TO UPLAND RICE AND SOYBEAN GROWN ON AN ACID ULTISOL

机译：陆地棉对旱稻和大豆生长的溶解度对磷源农艺有效性的影响

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A greenhouse study was conducted over a 3-year period to investigate the effect of liming on the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of P sources varying in solubility in three cropping sequences. The P sources were (1) a highly reactive Sechura phosphate rock (PR) from Peru, (2) a partially acidulated medium-reactive Huila PR from Colombia at 50% acidulation with H_2SO_4 (PAPR), and (3) a commercial-grade triple superphosphate (TSP). An acid Ultisoi that was unlimed (pH 4.8) and limed to pH 5.6 and 6.6 was used in the three experiments. The first two experiments were carried out over the same period involving upland rice-upland rice-upland rice and soybean-upland rice-soybean cropping sequences. The three P sources were evaluated in terms of RAE based on dry matter yield and changes of soil pH, available P, and exchangeable Ca and Al in these two experiments. The third experiment was conducted over a two-year period to evaluate the effect of freshly applied P sources (1st year) and their residual effect on on biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) by soybean using ~(15)N isotopic dilution technique. Soybean residue was then compared with urea as an N source for the following upland rice. The results show that the use of Sechura PR will not only provide available P nutrient, but also reduce potential Al toxicity for upland rice and soybean contributing to sustainable crop production and BNF in the legume crop, especially for its residual P effect, in this acid Ultisol. The use of possibly more cost-effective Huila PAPR can be also an alternative P source to TSP for this soil due to its good agronomic performance. However, the effect of liming on the soil properties should also be carefully determined and monitored since liming can significantly reduce the agronomic effectiveness of PR. This is due to an increase in soil pH and exchangeable Ca that reduces PR dissolution and soil available P. In the third experiment, P was more limiting than N in influencing upland rice yield in both unlimed and limed soils. When P was applied, the highest yields were obtained using urea. N availability from soybean residue was inferior to urea for the following upland rice indicating low net N mineralization of the soybean residue, probably due to its relatively high C/N ratio.
机译：进行了为期3年的温室研究，以研究石灰对三种种植顺序中溶解度不同的P源相对农业有效性（RAE）的影响。 P来源是（1）来自秘鲁的高反应性Sechura磷矿（PR），（2）来自哥伦比亚的部分酸化的中等反应性Huila PR，H_2SO_4（PAPR）50％酸化和（3）商业级三重过磷酸钙（TSP）。在这三个实验中使用了未稀释的酸Ultisoi（pH 4.8）并酸化至pH 5.6和6.6。前两个实验是在同一时期进行的，涉及陆稻-陆稻-陆稻和大豆-陆稻-大豆的种植顺序。在这两个实验中，根据干物质产量和土壤pH值，有效磷以及可交换的Ca和Al的变化，根据RAE评估了三种P来源。第三年进行了为期三年的第三次实验，使用〜（15）N同位素稀释技术评估了新鲜施用的P源（第一年）的效果及其对大豆对生物固氮（BNF）固定的残留影响。 。然后将大豆残渣与尿素作为后续陆稻的氮源进行比较。结果表明，使用Sechura PR不仅可以提供有效的P养分，而且还可以减少旱稻和大豆对铝的潜在毒性，从而促进豆类作物的可持续作物生产和BNF，尤其是其残留P效应。 Ultisol。由于土壤的良好农艺性能，使用可能更具成本效益的Huila PAPR也可作为该土壤的TSP替代磷源。但是，由于石灰会显着降低PR的农艺效果，因此应仔细确定和监测石灰对土壤特性的影响。这是由于土壤pH值和可交换Ca的增加，降低了PR的溶出度和土壤速效磷。在第三个实验中，无论是在无石灰土壤还是石灰土壤中，磷对氮的限制作用都大于氮。当施用P时，使用尿素可获得最高的收率。在随后的旱稻中，大豆残渣中的氮利用率低于尿素，这表明大豆残渣的净氮矿化程度较低，这可能是由于其较高的C / N比。

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