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首页> 外文会议>STP 1504; ; >Artificial Roofing Slates and Shingles
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Artificial Roofing Slates and Shingles

机译：人造屋顶板瓦和木瓦

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Early in the 1980s, manufacturers started to respond to the market desires for a Class A fire-rated steep-sloped roofing material. Other manufacturers sought slate-like roofs that were lower in cost than natural slate. Both groups tried a variety of materials and cellulose fibers including fibers recovered from newsprint, bundles of wood, and more fibrous or shredded wood to reinforce Portland cement matrixes. Previously, asbestos fiber was used with cement to form very durable asbestos-cement shingles, sidings, and sheets. Many manufacturers felt they could replace asbestos with other materials and did so offering performance warranties of 25 to 50 years duration. The authors have investigated and tested eleven of these artificial shakes and slates manufactured by nine manufacturers. Hundreds of roofs have been examined in more than 20 states. Some products failed before the installation was completed. Few survived past their tenth year of exposure. None of the artificial shakes and slates investigated are currently manufactured in the United States. We provide data that were generated by our laboratory tests on thousands of specimens made by nine manufacturers (A through I), identify the reinforcements present, list some of the critical properties such as flexural strength, deflection at break, and water absorption, and the specific failure modes for each product. The principal recommendation to avoid failures of this kind is to use products that have a substantial history of effective performance in the environment to which they will be used. Proceed into a market place cautiously when formulation changes are made to products with successful track records.
机译：在1980年代初期，制造商开始响应市场对A级防火陡坡屋顶材料的需求。其他制造商寻求的板岩状屋顶成本要低于天然板岩。两组都尝试了多种材料和纤维素纤维，包括从新闻纸中回收的纤维，成捆的木材以及更多的纤维或碎木，以增强硅酸盐水泥基质。以前，石棉纤维与水泥一起使用以形成非常耐用的石棉水泥瓦，壁板和板材。许多制造商认为他们可以用其他材料代替石棉，并提供25至50年的使用期限。作者已经调查和测试了9家制造商生产的11种人造奶昔和板岩。在20多个州中已检查了数百个屋顶。在安装完成之前，某些产品失败。接触第十年后几乎没有幸存下来。目前，所研究的人造奶昔和石板都不在美国制造。我们提供了由我们的实验室测试生成的数据，这些数据是由9个制造商（A至I）制造的数千个标本，确定存在的增强材料，列出了一些关键特性，例如抗弯强度，断裂挠度和吸水率，以及每个产品的特定故障模式。避免此类故障的主要建议是，使用在使用环境中具有有效运行历史的产品。当对具有良好记录的产品进行配方更改时，请谨慎进入市场。

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