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首页> 外文会议>Symposium on Filled and Nanocomposite Polymer Materials, Nov 27-30, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. >Small Angle Scattering and the Structure and Dynamics of Filled and Unfilled Rubbers
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Small Angle Scattering and the Structure and Dynamics of Filled and Unfilled Rubbers

机译：小角散射以及填充和未填充橡胶的结构和动力学

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摘要

Random cross-linking in rubbers produces local variations in the elasticity of the network. These variations, whose characteristic size lies in the range 1-100 nm, are revealed when the rubber is swollen in a low molecular weight solvent, owing to the competition between the osmotic pressure of the solvent and the local elastic constraints, which affects the local polymer concentration. Such concentration fluctuations can be measured by small angle X-ray or neutron scattering (SAXS or SANS) as well as by dynamic light scattering. In filled elastomers, the filler modifies the distribution of the polymer and of the elastic constraints. Swelling these systems in a solvent in which the deuteron/proton ratio can be varied permits the different components in the scattering function of the polymer and of the filler to be separated. Observations on silica particles in a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) rubber yield measurements not only of the surface area of the particles but also of the fraction of the surface area occupied by the polymer. Analysis of the dynamic light scattering response of these systems gives confirmation of the validity of the procedure. Coherent X-ray scattering measurements, combined with dynamic light scattering measurements of the filled uncross-linked polymer melts in the absence of solvent reveal that the structural relaxation process that follows an external mechanical perturbation is a diffusion-controlled process.
机译：橡胶中的无规交联会产生网络弹性的局部变化。当橡胶在低分子量溶剂中溶胀时，由于溶剂的渗透压与局部弹性约束之间的竞争，这些变化的特征尺寸在1-100 nm范围内，从而显示出来聚合物浓度。可以通过小角度X射线或中子散射（SAXS或SANS）以及动态光散射来测量这种浓度波动。在填充的弹性体中，填料改变了聚合物的分布和弹性约束。将这些体系在氘代/质子比可以变化的溶剂中溶胀，可以分离聚合物和填料的散射功能中的不同组分。在聚（二甲基硅氧烷）（PDMS）橡胶中对二氧化硅颗粒的观察不仅可以测量颗粒的表面积，还可以测量聚合物所占表面积的分数。对这些系统的动态光散射响应进行分析，可以确认该程序的有效性。相干X射线散射测量与在不存在溶剂的情况下填充的未交联聚合物熔体的动态光散射测量相结合，揭示出遵循外部机械扰动的结构弛豫过程是扩散受控的过程。

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