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首页> 外文会议>Symposium on Nontraditional Methods of Sensing Stress, Strain, and Damage in Materials and Structures held on 20 May 1996. >Using Ultrasonic Measurements and a Two-Phase Composite Model to Assess Radiation Damage in Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels
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Using Ultrasonic Measurements and a Two-Phase Composite Model to Assess Radiation Damage in Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels

机译：使用超声测量和两相复合模型评估反应堆压力容器钢的辐射损伤

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摘要

Ultrasonic methods used in the study of radiation damage and recovery in single crytals appear to also be useful for similar studies on polycrystalline alloys. Ultrasonic methods have demonstrated a sensitivity to radiation damage as affected by neutron fluence, irradiation temperature, large changes in composition, and possibly, as well, by neutron energy spectrum. On the microstructure defect evolution, only the residual defects created through the radiation event will contribute to the final macroscopic material property change. From a microstructure point, it is generally accepted that radiation hardening and embrittlement in metals are caused by clusters of vacancies, interstitial, and solute atoms that impede the motion of slip dislocations. Although vacancy-type defects are a major contributor to the material hardening, they also indicate the presence of other interstitial defects. Thus the total volume change of vacancy-type defects before and after irradiation can serve as a direct index to the final material property changes. The volume change of the vacancy-type defects can be determined by utilizing the two-phase composite model (matrix and void-type inclusion) to interpret wave velocities of baseline and irradiated specimens that are obtained from the ultrasonic wave experiment. This is a relatively economic and straightforward procedure. The correlation of the volume change of the vacancy-type defects with the existing destructive mechanical test results may play an important role in the future for the prediction of the radiation embrittlement and remaining plant life, especially for the older plants on the verge of exhausting all the available mechanical test specimens loaded in the surveillance capsules. The above hypothesis was supported by the limited irradiated data analyzed and presented in this paper. The proposed ultrasonic methodology also has a potential application to assess creep damage in fossil power plants.
机译：用于研究单个晶体的辐射损伤和恢复的超声方法似乎也可用于多晶合金的类似研究。超声波方法已证明对辐射损伤敏感，这受中子注量，辐射温度，组成的大变化以及中子能谱的影响。在微观结构缺陷演变过程中，只有通过辐射事件产生的残余缺陷才有助于最终的宏观材料性能变化。从微观结构的角度来看，金属的辐射硬化和脆化通常是由空位，间隙原子和溶质原子的簇引起的，这些簇阻碍了滑移位错的运动而引起的。尽管空位型缺陷是材料硬化的主要因素，但它们也表明存在其他间隙缺陷。因此，辐射前后空位型缺陷的总体积变化可以作为最终材料性能变化的直接指标。空缺型缺陷的体积变化可以通过利用两相复合模型（矩阵和空隙型夹杂物）解释从超声波实验获得的基线和辐照样品的波速来确定。这是一个相对经济和直接的过程。空位型缺陷的体积变化与现有破坏性机械测试结果之间的相关性可能在未来对辐射脆化和剩余植物寿命的预测中起重要作用，尤其是对于濒临耗尽的老植物监视胶囊中装有可用的机械测试样品。上述假设得到了本文分析和介绍的有限辐照数据的支持。所提出的超声方法还具有评估化石电厂蠕变损伤的潜在应用。

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