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首页> 外文会议>Symposium Proceedings vol.885; Symposium on Hydrogen Cycle-Generation, Storage and Fuel Cells; 20051128-1202; Boston,MA(US) >The Implications of Fossil Fuel Combustion for Climate Change
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The Implications of Fossil Fuel Combustion for Climate Change

机译：化石燃料燃烧对气候变化的影响

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Emissions from fossil fuel combustion alter the composition of the atmosphere and have been touted as a major cause of climate change. The amount of CO_2 in the atmosphere, for example, has increased by more than 30% since pre-industrial times. Average global surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.6 ± 0.2℃ since the late 19th Century, and surface temperature records indicate that the 1990s are likely to have been the warmest decade of the last millennium. The anthropogenically-induced warming is superimposed on natural climatic variability. Proxy records show a regular oscillation, on a roughly 100,000-year cycle, between glacials and interglacials. Superimposed on these long-term oscillations are shorter scale variations. It is thought that changes in the seasonally and location of radiation from the Sun trigger the onset or end of glaciation, and the change is then amplified by feedbacks in the earth-atmosphere system. A firm link between atmospheric composition and temperature has been established from ice core records spanning the last 420,000 years, which show that changes in time of global temperature and atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane are tightly coupled. Global average surface temperature is projected to increase by between 1.4 and 5.8℃ by 2100, with the warming being greatest over land and polar regions. Precipitation is predicted to increase in the tropical, mid- and high-latitude regions, but to decrease in the subtropical regions. Alternative energy technologies such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce climate problems and costs.
机译：化石燃料燃烧产生的排放改变了大气的组成，并被吹捧为气候变化的主要原因。例如，自工业化时代以来，大气中的CO_2数量增加了30％以上。自19世纪末以来，全球平均地表温度上升了约0.6±0.2℃，地表温度记录表明，1990年代可能是上个千年最热的十年。人为诱发的变暖叠加在自然气候变化上。代理记录显示，冰川和间冰期之间大约有100,000年的周期有规律的振荡。在这些长期振荡上叠加的是较小的尺度变化。人们认为，太阳辐射的季节和位置的变化会触发冰川的开始或结束，然后地球大气系统的反馈会放大这种变化。根据过去420,000年的冰芯记录，已经确定了大气成分与温度之间的牢固联系，这表明全球温度的时间变化与大气中二氧化碳和甲烷的浓度紧密相关。到2100年，全球平均地表温度预计将上升1.4至5.8℃，陆地和极地地区的升温最大。预计在热带，中纬度和高纬度地区降水会增加，但在亚热带地区降水会减少。氢燃料电池汽车等替代能源技术将减少温室气体排放，并减少气候问题和成本。

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