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A Comparative Study of Hydraulic Models for Foam Drilling

机译：泡沫钻井水力模型的比较研究

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Compared to conventional (incompressible) drilling fluids,rnrelatively little is known about the hydraulic and rheologicalrnproperties of foamed drilling fluids. The complex flowrnmechanisms involved in compressible drilling fluid circulationrnmake determination of the optimum combination of liquid andrngas injection rates very difficult. Modeling of foam rheologyrnis the key issue in hydraulic design in order to predict thernbottom-hole pressure accurately and to optimize differentrncontrollable variables for effective cutting transportrnperformance.rnThe University of Tulsa’s low-pressure ambientrntemperature flow loop has been recently modified tornaccommodate foam flow. The flow loop permits foam flowrnthrough 2”, 3”, 4” diameter pipes and an 8” by 4 1/2” annularrnsection. Preliminary experiments have been conducted inrnwhich pressure losses were measured for different foamrnqualities. Measured parameters were gas/liquid flow rates,rnpressure, differential pressure loss, and temperature.rnStatistical analysis was carried out to see the degree of fitrnprovided by Bingham plastic, power law, and yield power lawrnmodels for the generalized foam flow curve data.rnA comparative study was conducted to investigate thernpredictive ability of the available foam hydraulic models.rnModels presented by Beyer et al. (1972), Blauer et al. (1974),rnReidenbach et al. (1986), Sanghani and Ikoku (1983),rnGardiner et al. (1988) and Valko and Economides (1992) werernused to estimate the frictional pressure losses during the flowrnof foam in horizontal pipes. Comparison of the modelrnpredictions with experimental pressure loss values show thatrnmodel predictions of frictional pressure losses can be differentrnfrom the actual values by 2 to 250 %.
机译：与传统的（不可压缩的）钻井液相比，对泡沫钻井液的水力和流变性质的了解相对较少。可压缩钻井液循环所涉及的复杂流动机制使得确定液体和气体注入速率的最佳组合非常困难。泡沫流变学建模是水力设计中的关键问题，目的是准确预测井底压力并优化不同的可控变量，以有效地提高切削性能。塔尔萨大学的低压环境温度流动环路最近经过了改进，可以适应泡沫流动。流动环路允许泡沫流经2英寸，3英寸，4英寸直径的管道和8英寸乘4 1/2英寸的环形截面。已经进行了初步实验，其中针对不同泡沫质量测量了压力损失。测量参数为气/液流速，压力，压差损失和温度。进行统计分析，以查看Bingham Plastic提供的拟合程度，幂定律和屈服幂定律模型，以获取广义泡沫流动曲线数据。进行了研究以研究现有泡沫水力模型的预测能力。 （1972），Blauer等。 （1974），Reidenbach等人。 （1986），Sanghani和Ikoku（1983），rnGardiner等。 （1988）和Valko and Economides（1992）被用来估计水平管道内的流动泡沫中的摩擦压力损失。模型预测值与实验压力损失值的比较表明，摩擦压力损失的模型预测可以与实际值相差2％到250％。

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