The extents to which flow and sediment in alluvial- or loose-beds respond to ice-cover formation and presence have yet to be determined. Some responses are reasonably well understood, some barely recognized; few have been investigated rigorously. The interactions affect the full gamut of relationships between flow discharge and stage, macro-turbulence structures, sediment-transport and mixing processes, and channel stability. The present paper discusses the interactions and raises practical issues stemming from the interactions.
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