• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文会议>Tenth International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution Jul, 2002 City of Segovia >Emissions of metals and particulate matter due to wear of brake linings in Stockholm
【24h】

Emissions of metals and particulate matter due to wear of brake linings in Stockholm

机译：斯德哥尔摩由于刹车片的磨损而产生的金属和颗粒物排放

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The total wear of brake linings have been estimated using the total yearly amount of transports and communication for different vehicle types and estimated annual consumption of linings. In order to calculate heavy metal emissions the metal content of different brake linings were analysed. Analyses were performed using plasma ― emission spectrometry. This allowed the detection of copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, cadmium and lead. Emission factors for copper and lead were 1,300 and ,190 μg per vehicle km. These values are 9 and 5 times higher, respectively, than measured in road traffic tunnels, indicating that less than 20% of the brake wear is airborne. The calculated total particle emission per vehicle kilometre due to wear of brake linings was 17 mg and 84 mg for passenger cars and heavy-duty vehicles, respectively. If all would be airborne, the particle wear of passenger cars would be comparable to the particle emission in car exhaust of gasoline cars. Diesel passenger exhaust emission is about 10 times higher, making brake wear emission comparatively small. For heavy-duty goods vehicles the emission due to the wear of brake linings is about 60% of that from due to exhaust. The estimate given here for Stockholm is somewhat higher compared to that given by US-EPA of 8 mg per vehicle kilometre for passenger cars. As exhaust emissions decrease in the future due to renewal of the vehicle fleet and cleaner fuels, emissions from brake linings may not change and therefore become relatively more important as a source of PM in urban areas. Compared to other sources, wear of brake linings may be a significant source of copper and lead.
机译：制动衬片的总磨损已根据不同车型的年运输和通讯总量以及衬片的年消耗量进行了估算。为了计算重金属排放量，分析了不同制动衬片的金属含量。使用等离子体发射光谱法进行分析。这样就可以检测出铜，锌，铬，镍，镉和铅。铜和铅的排放因子为每车公里1300和190μg。这些值分别比在公路交通隧道中测得的值高9倍和5倍，表明空气传播的制动器磨损不到20％。对于乘用车和重型车辆，由于制动衬片的磨损，每车公里计算的总颗粒物排放分别为17 mg和84 mg。如果全部由空气传播，那么乘用车的颗粒磨损将与汽油车的汽车尾气中的颗粒排放相当。柴油乘客尾气排放量约高10倍，因此制动磨损排放量相对较小。对于重型货车，由于制动衬片的磨损而产生的排放约为废气排放的60％。与US-EPA的乘用车每车公里8 mg的估算值相比，斯德哥尔摩的估算值要高一些。由于将来由于车辆更新和更清洁的燃料而导致废气排放减少，制动衬片的排放可能不会改变，因此作为市区PM的来源变得相对重要。与其他来源相比，制动衬片的磨损可能是铜和铅的重要来源。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号