In recent years, current seismic codes started contemplating the design of structures with passive energy dissipating devices. One important issue for the rational seismic design of these devices and the structure that contains them is the formulation of methods to estimate their design seismic forces. From the study of the dynamic response of single-degree-of-freedom systems subjected to accelerograms recorded in Mexico during the last two decades, expressions to estimate the strength reduction factor that should be used to reduce the elastic design strength spectra for 5 percent damping, to establish the design seismic forces for structures having different combinations of plastic and viscous energy dissipating mechanisms, are formulated.
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