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首页> 外文会议>Thirtieth Annual Symposium on Incremental Motion Control Systems amp; Devices, Jul 23-26, 2001, Berkeley, California >ELECTRIC TRACTION DRIVES FOR HEAVY URBAN TRANSIT BUSES
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ELECTRIC TRACTION DRIVES FOR HEAVY URBAN TRANSIT BUSES

机译：重型城市客车的电动牵引驱动器

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摘要

Environmental constraints are forcing major changes in the urban transit bus industry. Concerns with air quality in major US cities have forced transit operators to seek alternatives to standard diesel Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) propulsion. The near term solution has been to use Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) ICEs. However, these vehicles require infrastructure modifications to existing bus facilities, suffer from reduced operating range, and require a more extensive fueling facility due to the use of a gaseous fuel. This has led to a growing interest for electric drive technology as an alternate clean propulsion technology for urban transit buses. Hybrid-electric transit buses are now entering the transit bus marketplace. These electric vehicles allow the ICE to be optimally tuned to maximize efficiency and reduce emissions while traction batteries provide the capability to capture braking energy. New York City has recently placed a second order for hybrid-electric transit buses with the combined number now on order at 325. Fuel Cell technology is rapidly advancing which could accelerate the demand for electric drive systems. Transit buses typically draw from the trucking industry for major components such as ICEs, axles, and transmissions. The preponderance of these vehicles are 40-foot buses with a maximum Gross Vehicle Weight of 39,500 pounds. Inner city bus routes entail low speed with numerous starts and stops. While bus weight and route profile dictate overall torque and power requirements, many other factors constrain the electric drive configuration. Determination of torque and power must take into account gearbox and axle ratios, component efficiencies, motor speed, and respective losses in the drive train. The traction motor must be bidirectional to recover or dissipate braking energy. The bus voltage may be established by the current limits on the switching electronics in the power management subsystem. Finally, adequate heat rejection must be provided. This paper addresses the issues impacting transit bus electric traction drives and describes some of the systems currently in use.
机译：环境限制正迫使城市公交车行业发生重大变化。美国主要城市对空气质量的担忧已迫使公交运营商寻求标准柴油内燃发动机（ICE）推进器的替代方案。近期的解决方案是使用压缩天然气（CNG）ICE。然而，由于使用气态燃料，这些车辆需要对现有公共汽车设施的基础设施进行修改，遭受减小的工作范围，并且需要更广泛的加油设施。这引起了对电动驱动技术作为城市公交客车的替代清洁推进技术的日益增长的兴趣。混合动力公交车现在正在进入公交车市场。这些电动汽车可以对ICE进行优化调整，以最大程度地提高效率并减少排放，而牵引电池则可以捕获制动能量。纽约市最近又订购了混合动力电动公交车的第二笔订单，目前订购的总数为325辆。燃料电池技术正在迅速发展，这可能会加快对电动驱动系统的需求。公交车通常来自卡车运输行业，用于主要部件，例如ICE，轮轴和变速器。这些车辆主要是40英尺的公共汽车，最大车辆总重为39,500磅。内城巴士路线需要低速行驶和无数次启动和停止。公交车的重量和路线图决定了总的扭矩和功率要求，但许多其他因素限制了电驱动器的配置。扭矩和功率的确定必须考虑齿轮箱和轴比，组件效率，电动机速度以及传动系中的相应损失。牵引电机必须是双向的，以恢复或消散制动能量。总线电压可以通过电源管理子系统中开关电子设备上的电流限制来确定。最后，必须提供足够的散热。本文解决了影响公交巴士电力牵引驱动器的问题，并介绍了当前使用的一些系统。

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