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Model Predictive Control with Delay Compensation for Air-to-Fuel Ratio Control

机译：空燃比控制的带延迟补偿的模型预测控制

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To meet increasingly stringent emission regulations modern internal combustion engines require highly accurate control of the air-to-fuel ratio. The performance of the conventional air-to-fuel ratio feedback loop is limited by the combustion delay between fuel injection and engine exhaust, and by the transport delay for the exhaust gas to propagate to the air-to-fuel ratio sensor location. The combined delay is variable, since it depends on engine speed and airflow. Drivability, fuel economy and emission requirements result in constraints on the deviations of the air-to-fuel ratio, stored oxygen in the three-way catalyst, and fuel injection. This paper proposes an approach for air-to-fuel ratio control based on Model Predictive Control (MPC). The approach systematically handles both variable time delays and pointwise-in-time constraints. A delay-free model is considered first, which takes into account the dynamic relations between the injected fuel and the air-to-fuel ratio and the dynamics of the oxygen stored in the catalyst. For the delay-free model, the explicit MPC law is computed. Delay compensation is obtained by estimating the delay online from engine operating conditions, and feeding the MPC law with the state predicted ahead over the time interval of the estimated delay. The predicted state is computed by combining measurement filtering with forward iterations of the nonlinear dynamic equations of the model. The achieved performance in tracking the air-to-fuel ratio and the oxygen storage setpoints while enforcing the constraints is demonstrated in simulation using real data profiles.
机译：为了满足日益严格的排放法规，现代内燃机要求高度精确地控制空燃比。传统的空燃比反馈回路的性能受到燃料喷射和发动机排气之间的燃烧延迟以及废气传播到空燃比传感器位置的传输延迟的限制。组合延迟是可变的，因为它取决于发动机转速和气流。可驾驶性，燃料经济性和排放要求导致对空燃比，三效催化剂中存储的氧气和燃料喷射的偏差的限制。本文提出了一种基于模型预测控制（MPC）的空燃比控制方法。该方法系统地处理可变的时间延迟和时间点约束。首先考虑无延迟模型，该模型考虑了喷射的燃料与空燃比之间的动态关系以及存储在催化剂中的氧气的动态。对于无延迟模型，将计算显式MPC律。通过从发动机工况在线估计延迟，并在估计延迟的时间间隔内向MPC法则提供提前预测的状态，从而获得延迟补偿。通过将测量滤波与模型非线性动态方程的正向迭代相结合来计算预测状态。在使用实际数据配置文件进行的仿真中，展示了在强制执行约束的同时跟踪空燃比和氧气存储设定点的性能。

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