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Interactions in Water Across Interfaces: From Nano to Macro-Scale Perspective

机译：跨界面水的相互作用：从纳米到宏观的角度

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In this work we first revisit the surface forces between two (model) mineral surfaces, mica, across an aqueous solution (KNO_3) over a broad range of concentrations. The significantly improved resolution available from the extended surface force apparatus (eSFA) allows the distinction of hydrated-ion structures. Above concentrations of 0.3 mM, hydrated-ion correlations give rise to multiple collective transitions (4 ± 1 A) in the electrical double layers upon interpenetration. These features are interpreted as the result of hydrated-ion ordering (layering), and are responsible for hydration forces, in contrast to the traditional interpretation invoking water layering. At concentrations as low as 20 mM, attractive surface forces are measured in deviation to the DLVO theory. The estimated hydration number of the ions in the confined electrolyte is significantly below that of the bulk. A confined 1-3 nm thick ionic layer condensates at concentrations ＞ 100 mM, i.e. below bulk saturation. This study leads to new insights into crystal growth in nano-confinement that differs from the classical theory of crystallization. Finally, the impact of the properties of confined water or solution and in-pore crystallization on the macro-scale description of soil water distribution is discussed.
机译：在这项工作中，我们首先在宽范围的浓度范围内，重新研究了两个（模型）矿物表面云母之间穿过水溶液（KNO_3）的表面力。扩展表面力设备（eSFA）可提供的分辨率显着提高，可以区分水合离子结构。浓度超过0.3 mM时，互穿后，水合离子相关性会在双电层中引起多个集体跃迁（4±1 A）。这些特征被解释为水合离子有序化（分层）的结果，并且与水合力有关，这与调用水分层的传统解释相反。在低至20 mM的浓度下，测量的表面吸引力与DLVO理论有偏差。受限电解质中离子的估计水合数显着低于本体的离子水合数。密闭的1-3 nm厚的离子层在浓度＞ 100 mM时冷凝，即低于本体饱和度。这项研究为纳米约束层中的晶体生长带来了新的见解，这与经典的结晶理论不同。最后，讨论了承压水或溶液的性质以及孔内结晶对土壤水分布宏观描述的影响。

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