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Interchange of Infiltrating and Resident Water in Partially Saturated Media

机译：部分饱和介质中渗透水和驻留水的交换

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The interplay between resident water ("old water") and infiltrating water ("new water") in porous media is examined through experiments in an idealized 2D glass micromodel. The analysis is motivated by the recognition that two complementary processes occur as water migrates through the vadose zone: infiltration, when water advances downward through this zone, and drainage, which follows infiltration events (precipitation and irrigation) when air displaces water as the water migrates deeper into the subsurface. Residual water saturation after a cycle of drainage is controlled by pores and pore clusters that retain "old water". During an infiltration cycle, "new water" flowing through the porous medium will intermittently connect to these clusters and then will leave a new pattern of disconnected clusters containing, presumably, both old and new water. In the micromodel experiments, image analysis is used to quantify the miscible interplay between old and new water over a cycle of imbibition by new water and drainage by air in a domain that is partially saturated with old water. We demonstrate that some old water remains in the system at long times within stable water pockets; these pockets may remain stable even after a second cycle of infiltration. An implication of this finding is that water scarcity under dry climate conditions may increase the influence of mixing of infiltrating and resident water on water quality, particularly in the uppermost aquifer layers.
机译：通过在理想的2D玻璃微模型中进行实验，检查了多孔介质中的驻留水（“旧水”）和渗透水（“新水”）之间的相互作用。该分析的动机是认识到，水在渗流区中迁移时会发生两个互补过程：渗入（当水向下流经渗流区时）；排水（渗入），随后随着渗入事件（降水和灌溉）而发生迁移（空气随着水迁移而置换水）深入地下排水循环后的残留水饱和度由保留“旧水”的孔和孔簇控制。在渗透周期中，流过多孔介质的“新水”将间歇性地连接到这些簇，然后将形成新的断开簇的模式，其中可能包含旧水和新水。在微模型实验中，图像分析用于量化在新水吸收和空气排水的循环过程中，旧水和新水之间的可混溶相互作用。我们证明了一些老水在稳定的水袋中长时间残留在系统中。即使经过第二个渗透周期，这些囊袋仍可保持稳定。这一发现的含义是，干旱气候条件下的水资源短缺可能会增加渗透水和居民水混合对水质的影响，特别是在最上层的含水层中。

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