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Brief History of Traffic Simulation

机译：交通模拟简史

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This paper presents a brief history of the development of traffic simulation from the 1950s to thernpresent time, largely from an autobiographical perspective. Since I participated in some of thernearly developments and had personal exposure to those pioneers who preceded me, I am hopeful thatrnthis perspective can provide insights that a chronological literature survey, alone, could not provide.rnGeneral-purpose digital computers became available in 1952. A small number of researchers atrnuniversities which had access to these early computers became interested in simulation technologyrnand developed software applied to individual intersections and short freeway sections. Otherrnresearchers recognized the need to represent traffic flow in analytical terms and developedrnformulations which could be utilized by simulation modelers. In the 1960s and 1970s, as computersrnbecame more plentiful and of greater power, FHWA, NCHRP, and other national research agencies,rnsupported the development of useful network simulation models. As a result, the technology’s valuernin the field of traffic operations and control became apparent to an increasing number ofrnpractitioners. In the 1980s, simulation models that integrated traffic operations with trafficrnassignment were introduced; these attracted transportation planners who were seeking morerneffective, equilibrium-based tools. The continuing development of personal computer (PC)rntechnology has fostered the development of regional simulation-based multimode models which arernnow routinely applied by practitioners worldwide. The pressing need to manage transportationrnsystems to be increasingly productive and efficient in an environment of increasing demand willrnrequire simulation-based tools well into the future.
机译：本文主要从自传的角度介绍了1950年代到现在的交通模拟发展的简要历史。由于我参与了一些近来的发展并亲自接触了我之前的那些先驱者，因此我希望这种观点可以提供仅按时间顺序的文献调查无法提供的见解。通用数字计算机于1952年问世。少数能够使用这些早期计算机的研究型大学对模拟技术产生了兴趣，并开发了适用于各个交叉路口和快速高速公路路段的软件。其他研究人员认识到有必要用分析术语来表示交通流，并开发出可被仿真建模者利用的公式。在1960年代和1970年代，随着计算机变得更加丰富和强大，FHWA，NCHRP和其他国家研究机构支持了有用的网络仿真模型的开发。结果，该技术在交通运营和控制领域的价值对于越来越多的执业者变得显而易见。在1980年代，引入了将交通运营与交通分配整合在一起的仿真模型。这些吸引了运输规划师，他们正在寻求更有效，基于平衡的工具。个人计算机（PC）技术的不断发展促进了基于区域仿真的多模式模型的发展，该模型已被全世界的从业人员常规应用。在日益增长的需求环境中，迫切需要管理运输系统以提高生产率和效率，这将要求在将来很好地使用基于仿真的工具。

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