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Optical power budget and device time-constant considerations in undersea laser-based sensor design

机译：海底基于激光的传感器设计中的光功率预算和设备时间常数注意事项

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Abstract: The required dynamic range of a practical undersea laser-based sensor is limited by its range- to-target. The dynamic range of the sensor needs to accommodate the variations in target reflectivity and specularity, water scattering and absorption, and mode of operation of the sensor at the target range. For example, the same sensor may be used to sense a diffuse flat black target and a shiny metallic mirror at normal incidence. Similarly, the same sensor may be deployed both in murky coastal waters and in clear deep oceanic waters. Since a detector used in a sensor has a limited (intrascene) dynamic range of perhaps 40 dB, methods of mitigating the required dynamic range at the sensor must be employed. Further, the required times scales of each specific dynamic range absorber must be considered. Therefore, a systematic optical budget approach considering time scales is employed. After considering maximum laser power out and minimum detectable power, the remaining available dynamic range is allocated to specific devices based on time responses matched to requirements. Devices are discussed and classified according to their parameters, and a final recommended system design is presented. The final system consist of a continuously variable neutral density filter wheel and a galvanometrically scanned variable neutral density filter wheel. Other devices and their merits are discussed. !11
机译：摘要：实际的水下激光传感器的动态范围受到其目标范围的限制。传感器的动态范围需要适应目标反射率和镜面度，水的散射和吸收以及传感器在目标范围内的工作模式的变化。例如，相同的传感器可用于在法向入射时感测漫射的浅黑目标和发亮的金属镜。类似地，同一传感器可以部署在阴暗的沿海水域和清澈的深海水域中。由于传感器中使用的检测器的动态范围有限（场景内）可能约为40 dB，因此必须采用减轻传感器所需动态范围的方法。此外，必须考虑每个特定动态范围吸收器的所需时间标度。因此，采用考虑时间尺度的系统的光学预算方法。在考虑了最大的激光输出功率和最小的可检测功率之后，剩余的可用动态范围将根据与要求匹配的时间响应分配给特定设备。根据设备的参数对设备进行了讨论和分类，并提出了最终的推荐系统设计。最终的系统由一个连续可变的中性密度滤光轮和一个经电镜扫描的可变的中性密度滤光轮组成。讨论了其他设备及其优点。 ！11

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