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首页> 外文会议>Vehicle aerodynamics, 2012. >Fuel Consumption Reduction by Geometry Variations on a Generic Tractor-Trailer Configuration
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Fuel Consumption Reduction by Geometry Variations on a Generic Tractor-Trailer Configuration

机译：通过通用拖拉机-拖车配置上的几何变化减少燃油消耗

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Although considerable efforts have been made with respect to the reduction of fuel consumption of trucks during the last decades, the diminishing natural resources as well as the evolution of the truck traffic require continuous improvements in the field of aerodynamics. Indeed, the forces generated by the air on the trucks may originate, depending on weather, road type, truck type, dimension, etc, up to 50 % of the fuel consumption [J]. In order to analyze the influence of proportion variations (mainly related to the length) and add-on devices on the aerodynamic performance of a truck, a representative model was first generated. This simplified geometry of a tractor-trailer was based on the geometrical data of six European OEMs: Daimler, Iveco, and MAN (tractors), Kogel, Krone and Schmitz Cargobull (trailers). The model included a reduced level of details (exterior mirrors, wheels, simplified underbody and engine block). The following processing chain was used for the numerical investigations. The grid generation tool, Spider [2-3], is an octree-based preprocessor producing boundary fitted, locally refined, conformal meshes, including hexahedral cell layers close to walls. The computational grid obtained was then used for the spatial discretization of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations that are solved in parallel using the open-source software OpenFOAM® [4]. For comparison purposes the generic truck was built on a scale of 1:2.5 and investigated in Daimler's wind tunnel in Stuttgart [5] parallel to the numerical study. Both experimental and numerical results were found to match in terms of flow topology and drag coefficient. Furthermore, an optimization analysis based on the generic body was carried out, where geometric variations or fittings for the front and the rear of the tractor-trailer were considered. The wind tunnel models of the trucks were made in modules to enable the experimental testing of almost all of the optimized configurations that were simulated. The numerical results showed very good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, the drag improvements matched satisfactorily. Consequently, this study will be extended with numerical investigations focusing on the 25.25 meter long truck combinations (European Eurocombis).
机译：尽管在过去的十年中在减少卡车的燃料消耗方面已经做出了巨大的努力，但是自然资源的减少以及卡车交通的发展要求在空气动力学领域的持续改进。的确，取决于天气，道路类型，卡车类型，尺寸等，由空气在卡车上产生的力可能会产生高达50％的油耗[J]。为了分析比例变化（主要与长度有关）和附加装置对卡车空气动力学性能的影响，首先生成了代表性模型。拖拉机拖车的简化几何结构基于六个欧洲OEM的几何数据：戴姆勒，依维柯和MAN（拖拉机），Kogel，Krone和Schmitz Cargobull（拖车）。该模型的细节降低了（后视镜，车轮，简化的车身底部和发动机缸体）。以下处理链用于数值研究。网格生成工具Spider [2-3]是基于八叉树的预处理器，可生成边界拟合，局部精修的共形网格，包括靠近墙的六面体单元层。然后，将获得的计算网格用于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程的空间离散化，该方程使用开源软件OpenFOAM®并行求解[4]。为了进行比较，通用卡车以1：2.5的比例构建，并在戴姆勒的斯图加特风洞中进行了研究[5]，与数值研究平行。实验结果和数值结果在流动拓扑和阻力系数方面均匹配。此外，基于通用车身进行了优化分析，其中考虑了牵引拖车的前后几何变化或配件。卡车的风洞模型是在模块中制成的，可以对几乎所有模拟的优化配置进行实验测试。数值结果与实验数据吻合得很好。特别地，阻力改进令人满意地匹配。因此，该研究将通过针对25.25米长卡车组合（欧洲Eurocombis）的数值研究得到扩展。

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