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首页> 外文会议>Waste management 2004 symposium (WM'04): waste management, energy security and a clean environment >A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR MEASURING AND MONITORING PARTICULATE MATTER DOWNSTREAM OF HEPA FILTERS
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A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR MEASURING AND MONITORING PARTICULATE MATTER DOWNSTREAM OF HEPA FILTERS

机译：HEPA过滤器颗粒物下游测量和监测方法的比较

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High Efficiency Particulate(HEPA)filters are defined to have a removal efficiency of at least 99.97%for particles 0.3 micrometers or larger.Filtering efficiency is routinely determined with an aerosol photometer using DOP(dioctyl phthalate)smoke as the challenge agent.This testing does not,however, directly answer the question of how much particulate matter penetrates a HEPA filter while the filter is actually in use.To answer this question,one would require the ability to measure both particle size distribution and number density downstream of the HEPA filter.Variability in the size distribution, chemical matrix of the particles,and particle density lead to significant uncertainty in such measurements. In spite of these considerable difficulties,increasing public concern over possible emissions and increasing regulatory scrutiny may eventually require that operators continuously monitor the particulate matter(PM)concentration downstream of HEPA filters. rnA number of standards may be applicable to these measurements,including those issued by US-EPA,US- DOE,ASME,IEST,and ASTM.Because the expected particle concentration downstream of a properly functioning HEPA filter is so low,the statistics of particle counting and the application of uncertainty analysis are important considerations. rnDIAL has undertaken a project to measure the performance of HEPA filters,using challenge aerosols other than DOP.We have employed four different techniques for these measurements: rn1)EPA Reference Method 5i–gravimetric. rn2)Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor(ELPI)–determination of PM mass concentration,particle size distribution and number density concentration. rn3)Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer(SMPS)-electric mobility determination of PM mass concentration,particle size distribution and number density concentration. rn4)Diffusion Battery and Condensation Particle Counter(CPC)-determination of PM mass concentration,particle size distribution and number density concentration. rnIn addition,we have made measurements of gross particle number density,without size discrimination, using a condensation particle counter. rnWe compare these various instruments and techniques,with particular emphasis on two applications: measuring emissions and monitoring HEPA filters for failure.Results include comparisons among different instruments while sampling the same aerosol source.Both operational considerations and performance of the instrumentation will be discussed.
机译：高效微粒（HEPA）过滤器的定义是对0.3微米或更大的颗粒具有至少99.97％的去除效率。使用DOP（邻苯二甲酸二辛酯）烟雾作为激发剂的气溶胶光度计通常确定过滤效率。但是，不能直接回答在实际使用过滤器时有多少颗粒物质渗透到HEPA过滤器中的问题。要回答此问题，可能需要同时测量HEPA过滤器下游的粒度分布和数量密度。粒度分布，颗粒的化学基质和颗粒密度的变化会导致此类测量的显着不确定性。尽管存在这些相当大的困难，但公众越来越关注可能的排放并加强监管审查，最终可能要求操作员持续监控HEPA过滤器下游的颗粒物（PM）浓度。 rn许多标准可能适用于这些测量，包括US-EPA，US-DOE，ASME，IEST和ASTM颁布的标准。由于正常运行的HEPA过滤器下游的预期颗粒浓度很低，因此颗粒的统计数据计数和不确定性分析的应用是重要的考虑因素。 rnDIAL承担了一个使用DOP以外的挑战性气溶胶来测量HEPA过滤器性能的项目。我们采用了四种不同的技术进行这些测量：rn1）EPA参考方法5i-重力法。 rn2）电动低压撞击器（ELPI）–测定PM质量浓度，粒度分布和数密度浓度。 3）扫描迁移率粒度仪（SMPS）-电迁移率测定PM的质量浓度，粒度分布和数密度浓度。 rn4）扩散电池和冷凝粒子计数器（CPC）-测定PM的质量浓度，粒径分布和数密度浓度。 rn此外，我们使用凝结粒子计数器测量了总粒子数密度，而没有尺寸区分。我们比较了这些不同的仪器和技术，特别着重于两种应用：测量排放和监测HEPA过滤器的故障。结果包括在对相同气溶胶源进行采样的同时对不同仪器进行比较，并将讨论仪器的操作注意事项和性能。

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